网络时代的“虚拟在场”:概念界定与类型梳理

Virtual Presence in the Era of Internet:Conceptual Definition,Types and Characteristics

网络时代,云端课堂、云端会议、云端演唱会、云监工、云自习、云讨论等“相聚云端”的方式,逐渐演变为民众生活中不可或缺的存在方式。人类对社会环境的感知方式由身体和环境俱在之“亲身在场”,向身体和环境均拟态化呈现之“虚拟在场”转变。“虚拟在场”是指两个或两个以上的个体,在同一时间段聚集于特定网络空间,经由数字形式即时交互产生的可感知状态及其结构关系的总和。个体作为参与主体的入场动机、信息知晓程度、身份虚化程度和参与时长,使得“虚拟在场”呈现出多重类型。作为行动主体的多元行动,使得“虚拟在场”呈现出虚拟性、互动性、事件性、依附性等特征。互联网、虚拟技术以及移动终端的巧妙融合与共生,重构了民众虚实相生的存在状态,并从身体问题与网络社会形态的角度,丰富了西方传播学在中国语境中的本土化实践。但由于技术因素产生的一系列问题,仍然值得继续探索。

In the era of internet,cloud classroom,cloud conference,cloud concert,cloud supervisor,cloud self-study and cloud discussion have gradually evolved into an indispensable way of existence in people's lives.The way that people perceive their social environment has turned from physical presence of both body and environment to virtual presence of the two.Virtual presence refers to the sum of two or more individuals who gather in a specific cyberspace at the same time and interact with each other in digital form in real time.As participant,an individual's motivation for admission,information awareness,blurred identity and participation duration make virtual presence present multiple types.As the main body of action,multiple actions make virtual presence show the characteristics of virtuality,interaction,event and dependence.The ingenious integration and symbiosis of internet,virtual technology and mobile terminals have reconstructed the state of existence where reality and virtuality coexist,and enhanced localization of western communication studies in the context of China from the aspects of physical problems and network social forms.However,a series of problems arising from technological factors are still worth exploring.