摘要
目的了解上海市崇明区2剂次水痘疫苗(varicella vaccine,VarV)纳入免疫规划对水痘发病的影响。方法采用描述流行病学方法,比较分析2016—2018年(2剂次VarV纳入免疫规划前)和2019—2021年(2剂次VarV纳入免疫规划后)的水痘发病情况。结果2016—2021年上海市崇明区水痘年均报告发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=170.126,P<0.001);发病有明显季节性,高峰为秋冬季(10月至次年1月)和春季(4—6月);男性报告发病率显著高于女性(χ^(2)=7.151,P<0.010);2019—2021年年均报告发病率比2016—2018年显著下降(χ^(2)=123.652,P<0.001);18个乡镇2019—2021年发病率比2016—2018年均下降;2019—2021年各年龄组发病率比2016—2018年均有不同程度下降,降幅前3位的分别为5~9岁、10~14岁、0~4岁组;免疫规划前后职业构成占比最高的均为学生;聚集性疫情在免疫策略调整后大幅减少。结论上海市崇明区2剂次VarV纳入免疫规划策略使<15岁儿童水痘发病显著下降,建议进一步提高适龄儿童及青少年2剂次VarV接种率,同时加强成人VarV接种宣传。
Objective To understand the effect of including a two-dose varicella vaccine(VarV)schedule in immunization programs on the incidence of varicella in Chongming District,Shanghai Municipality.Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods,we comparatively analyzed the incidence of varicella in 2016-2018(before including a two-dose VarV schedule in immunization programs)and 2019-2021(after including a two-dose VarV schedule in immunization programs).Results The average annual reported incidence rates of varicella in Chongming District,Shanghai Municipality during 2016-2021 showed an overall decreasing trend(χ_(t rend)^(2)=170.126,P<0.001).There was an obvious seasonal pattern of incidence,with peaks in autumn-winter(October-January of the next year)and spring(April-June).The reported incidence rate was significantly higher in males than in females(χ^(2)=7.151,P<0.010).The average annual reported incidence rates in 2019-2021 were significantly lower than those in 2016-2018(χ^(2)=123.652,P<0.001),and the incidence rates of 18 townships in 2019-2021 were significantly lower than those in 2016-2018.The incidence rates of all age groups in 2019-2021 decreased to varying degrees compared with those in 2016-2018,and the top three drops were found in the groups aged 5-9,10-14 and 0-4 years.Students accounted for the highest proportion of occupational composition before and after the immunization program.Clustered outbreaks were substantially reduced after adjustments in immunization strategies.Conclusion Including a two-dose VarV schedule in strategies for immunization programs in Chongming District,Shanghai Municipality has significantly decreased the incidence rate of varicella in children younger than 15 years,and further increases in the vaccination rate of two-dose VarV among age appropriate children and adolescents are recommended,along with strengthening VarV vaccination advocacy among adults.
作者
陆健
朱田柱
陈明浩
施连琴
LU Jian;ZHU Tianzhu;CHEN Minghao;SHI Lianqin(Chongming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 202150,China;Changxing Community Health Service Center of Chongming District,Shanghai 201913,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2024年第10期1181-1185,共5页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
上海市崇明区科学技术委员会课题项目(CKY2023-50)。
关键词
水痘疫苗
水痘
发病率
免疫策略
流行特征
varicella vaccine
varicella
incidence rate
immunization strategy
epidemic characteristic