基于主成分分析的翅果油树种源比较及评价

Comparison and comprehensive evaluation of seed sources of Elaeagnus mollis Diels.based on principal component analysis

为探明陕西户县(D1)、山西乡宁(D2)、山西翼城(D3),3个种源翅果油树在试验区的综合质量差异,通过对引进3个种源苗木生长特性、果实性状等指标进行比较,采用相关性分析和主成分分析法对其生长及结实性状进行综合评价。3个种源翅果油树的8 a生树株高4.75~5.41 m、冠幅2.44~2.48 m、单果鲜重1.08~1.79 g、果实纵径1.75~2.09 mm、果实横径1.51~2.02 mm、种子干重0.84~1.18 g、种仁干重0.29~0.49 g、单株果实产量0.96~1.43 kg、单位冠幅面积鲜果产量0.87~1.29 g,且均以D2最高;地径9.06~10.41 cm、当年新梢长30.25~36.88 cm、出仁率34.83%~36.18%,均以D3最高。方差分析结果可知,株高、单果鲜重、果实纵径、果实横径、种仁干重、单株产量D2均显著高于D1(P<0.05),分别高出D1的10.3%、65.0%、19.3%、33.8%、40.4%、69.0%、49.0%,出仁率D3显著高于D1、D2(P<0.05),比D1高出24.0%,比D2高出7.4%。整体看,株高、果实纵径、种仁干重、出仁率与单株产量呈显著正相关,单果鲜重、果实横径、种子干重与单株产量呈极显著正相关。按照特征值大于1的原则提取了3个主成分,第一主成分反映果实质量性状,特征值4.843,贡献率48.426%;第二主成分反映生长性状,特征值1.28,贡献率15.280%;第三主成分反映苗木粗生长,特征值1.018,贡献率10.184%。主成分分析结果显示,3个种源翅果油树质量从高到低依次为D2山西乡宁(1.2137)>D3山西翼城(1.1032)>D1陕西户县(0.9864)。结果表明:山西乡宁翅果油树栽植8 a后,平均单果鲜重1.79 g,出仁率43.18%,单株产量达1.43 kg,综合评价F值排名第一,是适宜试验地及毗邻地区引进的首选栽培种源。该研究结果可为甘肃省翅果油树规模栽培和选优研究提供一定依据和参考。

To investigate the comprehensive quality differences of Elaeagnus mollis Diels.plants in three different areas of Shanxi Huxian(D1),Shanxi Xiangning(D2),and Shanxi Yicheng(D3),the correlation analysis method and principal component analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate the growth traits and fruit traits of seedlings from various sources.The height of the 8-year-old Elaeagnus mollis Diels.trees of the three sources ranged from 4.75 to 5.41 m,the crown breath from 2.44 to 2.48 m,the single-fruit fresh mass from 1.08 to 1.79 the fruit length from 1.75 to 2.09 mm,the fruit width from 1.51 to 2.02 mm,the seed dry mass from 0.84 to 1.18 g the kernel dry mass from 0.29 to 0.49 g,the yield per plant from 0.96 to 1.43 g,the fresh fruit yield per unit crown area from 0.87 to 1.29 g,and the data of D2 were the highest.The ground diameter of the trees from the three sorces ranged from 9.06 to 10.41 cm,new shoots length from 30.25 to 36.88 cm,the kernel percentage from 34.83%to 36.18%,and the data of D3 were the highest.The results of variance analysis showed that the plant height,single-fruit fresh mass,fruit length,fruit width,kernel dry mass,production per plant of D2 were all significantly higher than that of D1(P<0.05),which were 10.3%,65.0%,19.3%,33.8%,40.4%,69.0%,and 49.0%respectively higher than that of D1.The yield of D3 was significantly higher than that of D1 and D2(P<0.05),which were 24.0%higher than D1 and 7.4%higher than D2.On the whole,the plant hight,fruit length,kernel dry mass,and kernel percentage were positively correlated with yield per plant,while the single-fruit fresh mass,fruit width and seed dry mass were significantly positively correlated with yield per plant.Three principal components were extracted according to the principle that the eigenvalue was greater than 1,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 73.890%.The first principal component reflected the fruit quality traits,with the eigenvalue as 4.843,and the contribution rate as 48.426%.The second principal component reflected the growth traits,with the characteristic value as 1.528,the contribution rate as 15.280%.The third principal component reflected the growth of seedlings,with the characteristic value as 1.018,and the contribution rate as 10.184%.The results of principal component analysis showed that the decreasing order of quality of the Elaeagnus mollis Diels.plants from the three sources was:D2 Shanxi Xiangning(1.2137)>D3 Shanxi Yicheng(1.1032)>D1 Shaanxi Huxian(0.9864).The result indicated:the 8-year-old Elaeagnus mollis Diels.from D2 Shanxi Xiangning had an average single-fruit fresh mass of 1.79 g,kernel percentage of 43.18%and yield per plant of 1.43 kg.The F value of comprehensive evaluation of D2 ranked the first,so it was the priority for for large-scale planting in the experimental area and adjacent areas.The results of this study can lay a scientific foundation and provide useful reference for the large-scale planting,cultivation and selection of Elaeagnus mollis Diels.in Gansu Province.