河北省野生雾灵香花芥生境调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on the habitat of wild Hesperis oreophila in Hebei Province

为了探究河北省野生雾灵香花芥(Hesperis oreophila)资源分布状况及适生环境,对河北省塞罕坝和雾灵山的2个野生雾灵香花芥居群进行生境调查,并对生境条件和生物学特性进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)2个居群在草甸、林地和路缘内都有分布;雾灵山居群较塞罕坝居群平均分布海拔高,最湿季降水多,平均分布密度小,但塞罕坝居群的森林覆盖率更高,环境湿度更大,土壤更为肥厚、疏松;塞罕坝居群较雾灵山居群的pH值显著降低了9.37%,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别显著降低了25.88%、38.08%、50.85%和29.60%。(2)塞罕坝居群不同样地间植株的叶片数量和分支数量变异系数均高于70%,雾灵山居群不同样地间植株的叶片数量和分支数量变异系数分别为54.29%和72.93%;塞罕坝较雾灵山居群的植株平均叶片数和分支数分别提高了29.84%和61.00%,而平均花径和开花数量分别降低了11.11%和23.95%;2个居群相比,雾灵山居群花色变异程度较大,a^(*)和b^(*)变异系数(绝对值)均超过30%;塞罕坝居群叶片L^(*)均值显著提高了4.99%。(3)相关性分析显示,最热季均温、最湿季降水、光照、土壤湿度和土壤速效磷等生境因子与植株表型和叶绿素相对含量存在显著相关性。综合生境调查及相关性分析结果,该物种在土壤肥沃、湿润的环境下生长状况更佳。

In order to explore the distribution and optimal habitats for the wild Hesperis oreophila in Hebei Province,the environments of two populations in Saihanba and Wuling Mountain were investigated,and the correlation between habitat conditions and biological characteristics was analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Both populations were distributed in meadows,woodlands and roadsides;Compared with the Saihanba population,the Wuling Mountain population had a higher average distribution altitude,more precipitation in the wettest season,and a smaller average distribution density.Conversely,the Saihanba population had a higher forest coverage,higher environmental humidity,and more fertile and loose soil;The pH value of the Saihanba population was significantly reduced by 9.37%compared with that of the Wuling Mountain population,and the contents of organic matter,alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium were significantly reduced by 25.88%,38.08%,50.85%,and 29.60%,respectively.(2)The coefficients of variation of leaf and branch number of plants in different plots of Saihanba population were higher than 70%,and the coefficient of variation of leaf and branch number of plants in different plots of Wuling Mountain population were 54.29%and 72.93%,respectively;Compared with the Wuling Mountain population,the average number of leaves and branches increased by 29.84%and 61.00%,while the average flower diameter and flowering number decreased by 11.11%and 23.95%,respectively;Compared with the two populations,the variation of flower color in the Wuling Mountain population was greater,and the coefficient of variation(absolute value)of a^(*) and b^(*) exceeded 30%.The mean L^(*) value of leaves in the Saihanba population was significantly increased by 4.99%.(3)Correlation analysis showed that habitat factors such as mean temperature in the hottest season,precipitation in the wettest season,light,soil moisture and soil available phosphorus were significantly correlated with plant phenotype and relative content of chlorophyll.Based on the results of habitat survey and correlation analysis,the growth of this species was better in the fertile soil and humid environment.