2024年5月8日至16日太阳风暴对电离层影响及效应分析

Analysis of the impact and effects of the solar storm on the ionosphere from may 8 to 16,2024

太阳风暴会造成地球电离层剧烈扰动,影响导航定位性能.本文针对2024-05-08—16太阳风暴期间发生的电离层扰动事件,分析了东、西半球不同纬度台站的电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)、电离层TEC变化率、电离层F2层临界频率、卫星导航单点定位误差等.分析认为:电离层向日面会对X射线耀斑发生响应,但是扰动主要来源是太阳风南向磁场能量注入引起的地磁暴;太阳风暴期间电离层顶部和底部的响应并不是同步的;卫星导航单点定位误差在太阳风暴期间会有明显增大,尤其在垂直方向会增大至±10 m,且在电离层暴恢复相期间会持续存在,并随电离层状态趋于平静呈逐渐减弱趋势.

Solar storms can cause severe disturbances to the state of Earth’s ionosphere and affect navigation and positioning performance.According to the ionospheric disturbance event occurring during the solar storm from May 8 to 16,2024,the changes of ionospheric total electron content,ionospheric total electron content change rate,ionospheric F2 layer critical frequency,satellite navigation single point positioning error and so on at different latitude stations in the eastern and western hemispheres are analyzed.The analysis result shows that the sun-lit hermisphere of the ionosphere will respond to X-ray flares,but the main source of the disturbance is the geomagnetic storm caused by the solar wind southward magnetic field energy injection.The responses at the top and bottom of the ionosphere during solar storms are not synchronized;the single point positioning error of satellite navigation will increase significantly during the solar storm,especially in the vertical direction it will increase to about±10 m.It will continue to exist during the recovery phase of ionospheric storms,and gradually weaken with the calm of the ionospheric state.