明初征南之役前后西南土司的态度与明廷应对

A Study on the Attitude of Tusi in the Southwest Region before and after the Conquest of Yunnan in the Early Ming Dynasty and the Response Measures of the Ming Government

明朝立国之初,西南地区暂时未被纳入武力收入版图的范围,云南梁王和巴蜀明夏政权继续割据,元代在当地设置的土司土官因此对明廷的态度颇为暧昧。征南之役发动后,各土司的真实态度暴露无遗。战后,出于大局考虑,明廷并没有完全按照战争中的表现论功行赏,而是综合考虑各土司的态度、在地方的影响力、与周边土司的族属关系等因素,因地制宜采取了保留部分土司,改设土府州县、军民府以及在潜在威胁较大的地区设置常驻卫所军等应对政策,迅速稳定了当地局势并为后续的进一步系统治理确立了政策导向。

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty,the southwestern region was temporarily not included in the scope of military power.The Prince of Liang of Yunnan and the Ming Xia regime,which were stationed in Sichuan and Chongqing,continued to maintain their separatist rule.As a result,the attitude of Tusi which conferred by the Yuan dynasty towards the Ming government was quite ambiguous.After the battle of conquest of Yunnan launched in 1381,the true attitudes of various chieftains were exposed.After the war,for the sake of the overall situation,the Ming government did not fully reward Tusi based on their performance in the war.Instead,based on the attitudes of each Tusi,their influence in the local area,and their ethnic relationships with surrounding Tusies,It adopted policies tailored to local conditions,such as retaining some Tusies,establishing Tuzhifu,Tuzhizhou Tuzhixian and Junminfu,and setting up permanent garrison troops in areas with potential threats.These measures quickly stabilized the local situation and provided clear policy guidance for further systematic governance in the future.