依附视角下数字资本权力的形成、表现及规制路径

Formation,Expression and Regulation Path of Digital Capital Power from the Perspective of Dependency

作为数字资本权力的源头,数据的社会属性代表着人类之间基于劳动而广泛地信息交互的社会关系,颠倒地表现为平台汇集数据的“自然”属性。平台垄断生态的构建过程即是数字资本权力形成巩固的过程,并随之产生了平台用户对平台的依附。在劳动关系上,“数据依赖”使资本对劳动者的剥削披上了“自由外衣”,体现出智能化、隐蔽化、全面化发展的特点;在社会意识上,数字资本权力以技术逻辑为掩护,将批判的箭头扭向了数字技术,造就了崇拜与恐惧并存的数字拜物教。结合对数据属性的充分认识以及对数字资本权力形成过程和影响的具体分析,为有效规制数字权力,文章提出须以权责明确的原则推进数据要素确权,积极践行《反垄断法》,并完善对规模庞大的技术弱势的零工劳动者的权益保护,从而推动数字技术的正向应用。

As the source of digital capital power,the social attribute of data represents the labor-based social relationship between human beings with extensive information interaction,which is reversed as the“natural”attribute of the platform to gather data.The construction process of platform monopoly ecology is the process of the formation and consolidation of digital capital power,which leads to the dependence of platform users on the platform.In terms of labor relations,“data dependence”gives the exploitation of workers by capital a“cloak of freedom”,reflecting the characteristics of intelligent,hidden and comprehensive development;in terms of social consciousness,digital capital power,under the cover of technical logic,turns the arrow of criticism toward digital technology,creating a digital fetishism where worship and fear coexist.Based on a full understanding of the attributes of data and a specific analysis of the formation process and impact of digital capital power,this paper proposes to effectively regulate digital power through promoting the confirmation of data elements according to the principle of clear rights and responsibilities,actively implementing the Anti-monopoly Law,and improving the protection of the rights and interests of a large number of gig workers with technical disadvantages,so as to promote the positive application of digital technology.