数字化转型能否提升农业企业绩效?——基于A股上市公司面板数据的检验

Can Digital Transformation Improve the Performance of Agricultural Enterprises?Inspection Based on Panel Data of A-share Listed Companies

数据是数字经济时代的核心生产要素,数字赋能是农业企业高质量发展的战略选择之一。在数字经济时代,数字变革如何影响农业企业发展值得思考。文章选取沪深A股2015-2021年的农业上市公司作为研究样本,实证检验数字化转型对农业企业绩效的影响及作用机制。结果表明,数字化转型程度越高,企业绩效反而越低。机制分析发现,数字化增加了企业管理费用,而环境不确定性在数字化转型中增加企业经营风险,影响生产要素的变化,导致企业可能面临“增产不增收”的问题,降低企业绩效水平;异质性分析发现,不同地区、不同所有权、不同类型的农业企业,数字化转型对其绩效的影响不同。因此,在农业企业转型升级中,要正确认识数字化转型浪潮,提升管理能力和创新水平,利用政策降低风险与挑战,更要认识到不同类型企业具有的禀赋特征,充分考虑农业企业经营约束条件的影响,选择关键环节、核心要素,从整个经营管理系统优化来推动农业企业数字化转型。

Data is one of the core production factors in the digital economy era,and digital empowerment is a strategic choice for the high-quality development of agricultural enterprises.In the digital economy era,it is worth considering how digital transformation will impact the development of agricultural enterprises.In this paper,A-share listed agricultural companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2015 to 2021 are selected as the research sample to empirically examine the impact of digital transformation on the performance of agricultural enterprises and its mechanism.The results show that the higher the degree of digital transformation,the lower the enterprise performance.Mechanism analysis reveals that digitalization increases management expenses of the enterprise and the environmental uncertainty in digital transformation heightens business risks,affecting the change in production factors and leading to the problem of“increasing production without increasing income”,which reduces enterprise performance levels.Heterogeneity analysis finds that the impact of digital transformation on performance varies among agricultural enterprises of different regions,ownership types,and categories.Therefore,in the transformation and upgrading of agricultural enterprises,it is crucial to correctly understand the wave of digital transformation,improve management capabilities and innovation levels,utilize preferential policies to reduce risks and challenges,and recognize the endowment characteristics of different types of enterprises.Besides,it is essential to fully consider the impact of business constraints on agricultural enterprises,choose key links and core elements and optimize the entire management system to promote the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises.