摘要
Tumor microenvironments(TMEs)have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis,progression,metastases,and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed.The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting,TMEs-responsiveness,and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors,thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits.This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments,such as tumor acidosis,hypoxia,and dysregulated metabolism.Finally,this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.
基金
supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2400600/2021YFC2400605)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20591,52273158,82203131,and 81972517)
the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.22YF1435800 and 20QA1408000)
the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Grant No.20240101002JJ).
