"三同一异"健康教育模式用于高龄产妇对分娩方式、角色转换及心理弹性的影响

Effects of"three identity-one difference"health education model on delivery mode,role transformation and psychological resilience of elderly parturient women

目的分析"同步""同程""同主题"及"因人施教"("三同一异")健康教育模式用于高龄产妇对分娩方式、角色转换及心理弹性的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2022年9月于复旦大学附属妇产科医院建档的高龄产妇96例为研究对象,利用随机数字表法将其分为研究组和对照组,对照组(n=48,给予常规孕期护理模式),研究组(n=48,给予常规孕期护理模式联合"三同一异"健康教育模式)。对比两组孕妇分娩方式、角色转换、心理弹性、家庭亲密度以及母乳喂养率。结果研究组顺产率为72.92%(35/48)高于对照组的52.08%(25/48);分娩后3 d,研究组孕妇母亲角色适应调查问卷各维度得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);分娩后3 d,研究组高龄孕妇乐观性、力量性以及坚韧性维度得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);分娩后3 d,研究组高龄孕妇亲密度与适应性两者差值的绝对值均小于对照组(P<0.05);研究组6个月内母乳喂养率为93.75%(45/48)高于对照组的77.08%(37/48),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将"三同一异"健康教育模式用于高龄产妇可提高其顺产率与母乳喂养率,促进其适应母亲角色,改善孕妇心理韧性,加强家庭关系亲密度。

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of"three identity-one difference"health education model on delivery mode,role transformation and psychological resilience of elderly parturient women.MethodsFrom December 2021 to September 2022,96 elderly parturients registered in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into study group and control group by random number table method,with 48 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional pregnancy nursing model,while the study group was given conventional pregnancy nursing model combined with"three identity-one difference"health education model.The delivery modes,role transformation,psychological resilience,family intimacy and breastfeeding rate were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe vaginal delivery rate in the study group was 72.92%(35/48),which was higher than that of 52.08%(25/48)in the control group.Three days after delivery,the scores of all dimensions of the Maternal Role Adaptation Questionnaire of pregnant women in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Three days after delivery,the scores of optimism,strength,and fortitude in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Three days after childbirth,the absolute values of the differences between the intimacy and adaptability of the elderly pregnant women in the study group were both smaller than those in the control group(P<0.05).The breastfeeding rate within 6 months in the study group was 93.75%(45/48),which was higher than that of 77.08%(37/48)in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions"Three identity-one difference"health education model can enhance the vaginal delivery rate and breastfeeding rate,promote the adaptation to the role of mother,improve the psychological resilience,and strengthen the intimacy of family relationship.