养老责任认知的驱动因素及演化趋势

Driving Factors and Evolution Trend of the Cognition of Elderly Care Responsibility

为研究我国居民养老责任认知的驱动因素与演化趋势,厘清老年人养老期望与未来养老方式的选择倾向,揭示个体认知层面影响养老观念与行为的因素,为制定有针对性的养老服务政策提供理论依据,利用2010年与2018年中国综合社会调查数据,分析我国居民养老责任认知的变化趋势,通过多元无序logistic回归分析影响居民养老责任认知的因素。结果表明,居民养老责任认知受多方面因素的显著影响,包括年龄、性别、受教育程度、身体健康状况、家庭收入水平、户籍、婚姻状况、是否参加养老保险及对社会公平感知情况等。基于此,提出以下建议:坚持家庭养老在养老服务体系中的基础地位,增强家庭养老功能;建立健全“以家庭养老为核心、多元主体责任分摊”的养老保障体系;建立以政府为主导的多元化养老责任分担机制。

In order to study the driving factors and evolution trend of Chinese residents’cognition of elderly care responsibility,the study clarifies the elderly’s expectation and the choice tendency of elderly care mode in the future,reveals the influencing factors of the concept and behavior of pension in individual cognition,and provides theoretical basis for formulating targeted elderly care service policies.Based on the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey in 2010 and 2018,the study analyzes the change trend of Chinese residents’cognition of elderly care responsibility,and the influencing factors of residents’cognition of elderly care responsibility through multiple disordered logistic regression.The results show that residents’cognition of elderly care responsibility is significantly influenced by many factors,including age,gender,education level,physical health status,family income level,household registration,marital status,and whether participating in pension insurance and social equity perception,etc.Based on this,it is suggested to adhere to the basic position of family care in the elderly service system,and enhance the function of family care;establish and improve an old-age security system with“family care as the core and multiple subjects sharing responsibilities”,and constructs a diversified responsibility sharing mechanism for elderly care led by the government.