中国沿海三大城市群湿地时空演变及其驱动因素对比研究

A Comparative Study on Spatial-Temporal Dynamics and Associated Driving Factors of Wetlands in the Three Coastal Urban Agglomerations of China

以中国沿海三大城市群(珠三角、长三角、环渤海)湿地为研究对象,基于1980—2020年的土地利用数据,研究三大城市群湿地的时空演变特征,并结合相关的社会经济和政策资料分析湿地演变的驱动因素。通过计算灰色关联度量化了湿地面积与社会、经济指标的相关程度,并选取典型案例区(深圳西海岸、上海浦东新区和天津滨海新区),对湿地演变的驱动因素进行定性的对比分析。研究结果表明,1980—2020年,三大城市群自然湿地发生剧烈变化的时间顺序为“珠三角-长三角-环渤海”,与经济发展的时间顺序相一致;三大城市群湿地演变的驱动因素既有相似性也有区域异质性,主要驱动因素是人口集聚、经济高速增长和重大工程建设;深圳西海岸自然湿地因早期围垦养殖和城市建设面积锐减,但近年来由于海岸带开发管控和生态修复项目的实施而减速放缓;上海浦东新区因互花米草的引入和城市建设项目的实施导致自然湿地减少;天津滨海新区自然湿地的减少主要受油田、盐田开发、水产养殖等因素的影响。

Based on historical land use data of the past 40 years(1980-2020)interpreted from remote sensing data in combination with relevant socio-economic data and policy collections,we analyzed the spatial and tem-poral dynamics of coastal wetlands and associated driving factors in the three major coastal urban agglomera-tions(i.e.,the Pearl River Delta,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Bohai Sea Rim).zed.We calculated the de-gree of correlation between coastal urban wetland area and associated social and economic indicators by grey relation analysis,and also selected three typical case areas(i.e.,the west coast of Shenzhen,the Pudong New District of Shanghai,and the Binhai New District of Tianjin)to conduct qualitative comparative analyses on the driving factors of coastal wetland change.The study results showed that the temporal sequence of coastal wetland dynamics of the three urban agglomerations was consistent with the temporal sequence of economic development over the past forty years,and their changes showed the temporal sequence from south to north of China.The driving factors of wetland dynamics in the three coastal urban agglomerations showed both similar-ity and regional differentiation.For the three typical case study areas within the three urban agglomerations,the main driving factors were population agglomeration,rapid economic growth and major infrastructure con-struction.The natural wetlands on the west coast of Shenzhen had experienced a rapid loss of area due to pol-der farming and urban construction in the early urbanisation period,and a slowing of the loss of natural wet-land area in recent years due to the implementation of coastal development control and ecological restoration projects.The introduction of Spartina alternijflora and urban development projects led to the destruction of natural wetlands in the Shanghai Pudong New District.The reduction in the extent of natural wetlands in the Tianjin Binhai New District was predominantly attributable to the expansion of oilfield and salt field opera-tions,as well as aquaculture activities.