“去增长共产主义”的论证逻辑及其评价——基于斋藤幸平《人类世的“资本论”》的研究

Logic and Evaluation of the Argument for“Degrowth Communism”——A Research Based on Kohei Saito's Capital in the Anthropocene

在《人类世的“资本论”》中,日本学者斋藤幸平认为,生态危机是人类世时代关涉人类生死存亡的根本问题,危机的根源是资本主义制度及其帝国式生活方式,走出危机应从马克思思想中寻求资源。他基于MEGA2的最新材料,通过对《资本论》及晚年马克思自然科学笔记的重新解读,认为晚年马克思走向了“去增长共产主义”,实现了与之前“生产力至上主义”、“历史进步主义”等观点的认识论断裂。“去增长共产主义”是马克思思想的最高成就,也是构思未来社会的思想基础。由此斋藤幸平原创性地提出了一种“基于互助与自治的去增长共产主义”思想。他的解读对丰富晚年马克思的思想形象、激活马克思资源的当代性、应对时下的生态危机等,均有积极启示价值,但其研究路径只是众多马克思主义研究路径之一,不能将其解读成果直接等同于马克思的思想本身。斋藤幸平关于马克思晚年形象的分析及提出的“去增长共产主义”方案均存在较多偏误,应在详细梳理其论证逻辑基础上给予积极回应。

In Capital in the Anthropocene,Japanese scholar Kohei Saito argues that the ecological crisis is a fundamental issue in the Anthropocene era,one that concerns the very survival of humanity.He identifies the root of this crisis as the capitalist system and its imperial lifestyle,and suggests that solutions to this crisis should be sought within Marxist thought.Based on the latest materials from MEGA2,and through a reinterpretation of Capital and Marx's notes on natural sciences in his later years,Saito argues that in his later years,Marx embraced“degrowth communism”,making an epistemological break from earlier perspectives such as“productivity supremacy”and“historical progressivism”.The idea of“degrowth communism”is the highest achievement of Marxist thought and the ideological foundation for conceptualizing future society.Therefore,he proposed an original idea of“degrowth communism based on mutual assistance and autonomy”.His interpretation offers valuable insights for enriching the ideological image of Marx in his later years,revitalizing the contemporary relevance of Marx's ideas,and addressing current ecological crisis.However,his research approach is only one of many Marxist research paths,and its conclusions should not be directly equated with Marx's thought.Kohei Saito's analysis of Marx's later image and his proposed“degrowth communism”scheme contain some issues.A positive response should be provided based on a thorough examination of his argumentative logic.