论伍尔夫《到灯塔去》中蛰伏的人类世生态危机

On the Latent Anthropocene Ecological Crisis in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse

英国学者蒂莫西·克拉克基于地质学术语“人类世”将生态批评进行重构,从而使前四次生态批评浪潮中被忽视的诸多问题得以浮现。现代主义研究也藉此开始重新审视现代主义文学与人类世之间的深刻联系。现有研究指出,弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫等现代主义作家是“本能般”书写着人类世。实际上,此种表象上的“本能”恰恰蕴含着时代的必然。伍尔夫作品《到灯塔去》中常常被忽略的背景、设定、细节已于不期然间集中反映了当今人类世所面临的人口过剩、人类寄生性、环境漠视等问题;而此种不期然与无意识,又是其时代背景与社会思潮的必然产物,反映了人类对地质环境影响之深广、生态危机早已蛰伏,预示着人类世已经到来。

British scholar Timothy Clark reconstructs ecocriticism based on the geological term“Anthropocene”,bringing to light many issues that were overlooked in the first four waves of ecocriticism.Modernist studies have thus begun to re-examine the profound connections between modernist literature and the Anthropocene.Some scholars argue that modernist writers,such as Virginia Woolf,“intuited the idea of the Anthropocene”.This article contends that this so-called“intuition”actually reflects the inevitable demands of the time.In Virginia Woolfs To the Lighthouse,often-overlooked backgrounds,settings,and details unexpectedly encapsulate issues the Anthropocene faces today,such as overpopulation,human parasitism,and environmental disregard.This unpredictability and unconsciousness is,in fact,a product of the social context and intellectual currents of her time.It underscores the profound impact of humanity on the geological environment,indicating that ecological crises were already lying dormant and signaling the arrival of the Anthropocene.