小学生科学问题意识的结构、发展水平与类型

The Structure,Development Level and Types of Primary School Students'Scientific Problem Consciousness

问题意识是探究和创新的起点,发展小学生科学问题意识是培养科技创新人才的重要议题,符合当下强国建设的时代需求。小学生科学问题意识的结构、发展水平与类型的实证研究表明,小学生科学问题意识包含发现科学问题、提出科学问题、解决科学问题的三维结构;整体发展水平较高,呈现“善于发现和解决,弱于提问和表达”的趋势,且在不同群体间差异显著;其发展可分为“全面探索型”“被动提问型”“多问少思型”和“发展后进型”四种类型。为进一步推动小学生科学问题意识的发展,应整体统筹,立足全局打通科学问题意识发展路径;因材施策,家校协同打牢科学问题意识发展基础;因类施教,对症下药弥补科学问题意识发展短板。

Problem awareness is the starting point of exploration and innovation,and the development of primary school students'scientific problem awareness is an important issue in cultivating scientific and technological innovation talents,which is in line with the current needs of building a strong education country.The results show that primary school students'scientific problem awareness involves a three-dimensional structure of identifying scientific problems,posing scientific problems,and solving scientific problems;the overall development level is high,showing the development trend of"good at discovering and solving problems,weak at asking questions and expressing problems",and there are significant differences among different groups;its development can be divided into four types:"comprehensive exploration type","passive questioning type","more questions and less thinking type"and"yet to be developed type".In order to further promote the development of primary school students'scientific problem awareness,it is necessary to make a holistic approach based on the overall situation to open up the path of the development of scientific problem awareness;to adopt measures according to students'abilities and build up the foundation of developing scientific problem awareness in collaboration with schools and families;to teach students according to their types and make up for the shortcomings in the development of scientific problem awareness.