强化心脏康复训练结合放松护理在行经皮冠状动脉介入术的急性心肌梗死患者中的应用

Application of enhanced cardiac rehabilitation training combined with relaxation nursing in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

目的探讨强化心脏康复训练结合放松护理在行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中的应用效果。方法以2022年7月至2023年6月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院接受PCI治疗的120例AMI患者为观察对象,采用抽签法分为2组,对照组60例患者术后施以常规康复护理,观察组60例患者施以强化心脏康复训练结合放松护理。比较2组的心脏功能指标水平、抑郁及焦虑情绪严重程度等康复情况。结果术后4周和12周,观察组的左室射血分数、二尖瓣口舒张早期最大血流速度(E)峰值与舒张晚期最大血流速度(A)峰值的比值均高于同期对照组,E峰的峰值与二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度的比值、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分均低于同期对照组,且2组均优于术后当天,均有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。观察组在术后3个月的心血管不良事件总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论强化心脏康复训练结合放松护理用于行PCI治疗的AMI患者的术后护理中,可有效改善其心脏功能,缓解其负面情绪,提高其运动耐力,并有助于预防术后3个月心血管不良事件的发生。

Objective To explore the application effect of enhanced cardiac rehabilitation training combined with relaxation nursing in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 120 AMI patients who received PCI treatment at Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the observation subjects.They were randomly divided into two groups using the drawing method.Sixty patients in the control group received routine rehabilitation nursing after surgery,while sixty patients in the observation group received enhanced cardiac rehabilitation training combined with relaxation nursing.The levels of cardiac function indicators,severity of depression and anxiety,and other rehabilitation outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery,the left ventricular ejection fraction and the ratio of the peak value of early diastolic mitral valve flow velocity(E)to the peak value of late diastolic mitral valve flow velocity(A)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at the same time.The ratio of the peak value of E to the early diastolic velocity of mitral valve annulus,and Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the same time,and both groups were better than the day after surgery,with statistical differences(all P<0.05).The total incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 3 months after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion Enhanced cardiac rehabilitation training combined with relaxation nursing for postoperative care of AMI patients undergoing PCI treatment can effectively improve their cardiac function,alleviate their negative emotions,enhance their exercise endurance,and help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events at 3 months after surgery.