迈向技术型自治:数字乡村中村民自治空间转向的失序及调适

Toward Technological Self-Governance:Disorder and Adaptation in the Spatial Turn of Villagers'Self-Governance in the Digital Village

有序是数字乡村中村民自治空间转向的价值追求,在实践中却出现了与之相抵牾的失序现象,这既不利于营造清朗的虚拟社区空间,也不利于形成良好的网络政治生态。在数字乡村中村民自治空间转向失序的现实表征为:村庄外部人员假冒身份进入虚拟社区开展活动,村庄内部人员在虚拟社区中随意处理私人事务、发布传播不当言论以及违背在线议事规则等。失序现象的形成蕴藏着“科层制治理失灵”“市场治理失灵”“自组织治理失灵”等三重逻辑,其中,政府缺位导致刚性制度对村民自治空间转向的规制有限,市场利益驱动导致虚拟社区成为售卖商品和诈骗活动的平台,村委会的治理局限导致村庄制度约束力不足和技术可选择空间小。依靠元治理调适村民自治空间转向失序现象,应突出强调政府在村民自治空间转向中的作用,通过制度供给及柔性治理等方式明确村民自治虚拟社区平台的政治属性,规范虚拟社区中行为主体的权利和义务,强化村委会的责任意识和能力建设,加大对违法犯罪行为的排查和惩罚力度,统一建设村民自治空间转向的实现载体。

Orderliness is the value pursued in the spatial turn of the villagers'self-governance in digital villages,but in practice,the phenomenon of disorder has appeared,which is not conducive to the creation of a clear virtual community space and the formation of a good network political ecology.The disorder of villagers'self-governance space in the digital village is characterized by the fact that people outside the village enter the virtual community to carry out activities under false identities,and people inside the village handle private affairs,publish and disseminate inappropriate remarks,and violate the online rules in the virtual community.The formation of disorder is embedded in the triple logics of"failure of hierarchical governance","failure of market governance"and"failure of self-organized governance",in which the absence of government leads to the limited regulation of the villagers'self-governance by the rigid system,the drive of market interests leads to the virtual community becoming a platform for selling commodities and fraudulent activities,and the governance limitations of the village committee lead to the insufficient binding force of the village system and the small space of technological choices.Relying on meta-governance to adjust the disorder,we should highlight the role of the government in the spatial turn of villagers'selfgovernance,make clear the political attributes of the virtual community platform of villagers'selfgovernance through the provision of systems and flexible governance,regulate the rights and obligations of the actors in the virtual community,strengthen the sense of responsibility of the village commitee and build its capacity,intensify the efforts in investigating and punishing the illegal and criminal activities,and build the carrier of the spatial turn of villagers'self-governance in a unified manner.