国外语言国情调查实践及启示

Overseas Practice of Surveys on National Language Situation and its Enlightenment

语言国情调查是科学开展语言规划活动、提升国家语言治理能力的基础性工作。文章结合国外部分典型案例,依据调查视角的不同,将语言国情调查分为语言使用调查、语言资源调查和语言供需调查三大基本类型,并指出当前国外语言国情调查正呈现出体系构建逐步完善、形式趋于灵活多样、政策驱动态势明显、协同效用更加突出等发展趋势。最后,结合我国实际,对未来如何深入开展语言国情调查工作提出了若干建议。

The survey of national language situation is a fundamental task for the scientific conduct of language planning activities and for the enhancement of national language governance capacities.This article,in combination with some typical cases from abroad,divides the survey of national language situations into three basic types according to different survey perspectives:surveys of language use,surveys of language resources,and surveys of language supply and demand.It also points out that current international surveys of national language situations show trends of gradually improving system construction,increasingly flexible and diverse forms,obvious policy-driven dynamics,and more pronounced synergy effects.Finally,taking into account the actual situation in China,the article makes some suggestions on how the survey of the national language situation should be carried out in the future.