扬州地区过敏性疾病儿童过敏原检测与分析

Detection and analysis of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Yangzhou area

目的分析扬州地区过敏性疾病儿童过敏原的分布特点及临床意义。方法选取2022年12月—2023年12月在扬州大学附属医院就诊并进行过敏原检测的1025例儿童为研究对象,收集过敏原检测结果,并分析过敏原分布特点。结果1025例过敏相关疾病儿童中,83.41%的儿童(855例)过敏原检测阳性,其中吸入性过敏原的阳性率为66.24%(679例),食物性过敏原为61.17%(627例),常见的过敏原依次为牛奶(36.20%)、霉菌(33.27%)及户尘螨(30.34%)。不同年龄段的儿童过敏原阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男童的过敏原检测阳性率高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。存在呼吸道症状的儿童吸入性过敏原阳性率高于食物性过敏原,存在消化道症状的儿童食物性过敏原阳性率高于吸入性过敏原,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);存在皮肤症状及过敏性紫癜等免疫系统疾病的儿童吸入性过敏原与食物性过敏原阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论扬州地区存在过敏性疾病的儿童常见的过敏原为牛奶、霉菌及尘螨。过敏原检测可以为扬州地区儿童过敏性疾病的预防和诊疗提供参考意见。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Yangzhou area.Methods A total of 1,025 children who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from December 2022 to December 2023 and tested for allergens were selected as study objects.The detection results of allergens were collected and the distribution characteristics of allergens were analyzed.Results Among the 1,025 children with allergy-related diseases,83.41%(855 cases)tested positive for allergens,with a positive rate of 66.24%(679 cases)for inhalant allergens and 61.17%(627 cases)for food allergens.The most common allergens were milk(36.20%),molds(33.27%),and house dust mites(30.34%).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergens among different age groups(P>0.05).The positive rate of allergen detection in boys was higher than that in girls,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of inhalation allergens in children with respiratory symptoms was higher than that of food allergens,and the positive rate of food allergens in children with digestive tract symptoms was higher than that of inhalation allergens(P<0.05).For children with immune system diseases such as skin symptoms and allergic purpura,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of inhalant and food allergens(P>0.05).Conclusion The most common allergens in children with allergic diseases in Yangzhou area are milk,molds,and dust mites.Allergen testing can provide reference opinions for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of allergic diseases in children in Yangzhou area.