经典名方金铃子散关键信息考证与现代研究进展

Key Information Research and Contemporary Research Progress of Classical Formula Jinlingzi San

金铃子散是治疗痛证的常用方剂,首见于金朝刘完素《素问病机气宜保命集》,该方由川楝子、延胡索2味组成,组方精炼小巧,临床疗效确切,被收录于《古代经典名方目录(第二批)--汉族医药》中。该文采用文献计量学的方法,对金铃子散的方名源流、方药组成、药物基原、剂量、煎服法、古今主治功效等方面进行整理。该研究共搜集金铃子散相关古籍文献数据209条,筛选出有效数据49条,涉及中医古籍45部。考证结果发现,金铃子散方名最早见于南宋杨倓的《杨氏家藏方》,金铃子散源流发展为“一源三岐”,主线以金刘完素《素问病机气宜保命集》所载金铃子散顺传至今,3条支线虽方名均为金铃子散,但方药配伍组成、功用主治皆与刘氏金铃子散不同,属金铃子散类方,亦收录并进行论述。金铃子散药物基原与炮制方面建议川楝子使用楝科植物川楝Melia toosendan的干燥成熟果实,生用净制,可去核。罂粟科植物延胡索Corydalis yanhusuo的干燥块茎,除去杂质,洗净,干燥。以金代度量衡标准折算现代用法用量,建议川楝子41.3 g、延胡索41.3 g,每次服用12.39 g。2味药制成细末,并以适量酒调药末服用,不宜饮酒者亦可选用温水调服。金铃子散具有疏肝泄热、活血止痛之功,古籍中记载多主治厥热心痛、心腹痛、胁痛、疸、疝等疾病,现代研究发现,金铃子散加减临床应用于消化、妇科、皮肤、生殖系统等疾病的治疗,尤其在治疗胃脘痛、痛经、带状疱疹等方面应用较为普遍。通过对金铃子散古籍文献的挖掘梳理,确定其关键信息,以期为经典名方金铃子散的临床应用、成方制剂及新药研发提供理论参考。

Jinlingzi San is a formula frequently used in treating pain syndrome,first recorded in the Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease,Suitability of Qi,and the Safeguarding of Life as Discussed in the'Basic Questions'written by LIU Wansu in the Jin Dynasty.Jinlingzi San is composed of 2 Chinese medicinals Toosendan Fructus and Corydalis Rhizoma with a concise composition and exact clinical efficacy,having been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas(Second Batch:Han Chinese Medicine).The formula name,historic evolution,medicine origins,composition,dosage,decocting methods,and ancient and modern clinical application were sorted out and analyzed with the bibliometric method.A total of 209 pieces of information were collected from ancient books and literature.After screening,49 pieces of effective data involving 45 ancient books were included.Results showed that the name of Jinlingzi San was first recorded in Secret Formulas of the Yang Family written by Yang Tan in the Southern Song Dynasty and developed into 3 other versions of the decoction.The Jinlingzi San included in the Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease,Suitability of Qi,and the Safeguarding of Life as Discussed in the'Basic Questions'written by LIU Wansu invariably plays a dominant role.As for the 3 other versions,although they have the same name of Jinlingzi San,their composition and indications are different from those of the original formula,which were therefore viewed as prescriptions based on Jinlingzi San and also included in the research.The medicine origins and processing of Jinlingzi San are suggested:Toosendan Fructus is the dry mature fruit of Melia toosendan of Meliaceae,and the crude is used after cleansing without putamen.Corydalis Rhizoma is the dry tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo of Papaveraceae,which is used after impurity removal,cleaning,and drying.Depending on the conversion from the measurement system in the Jin Dynasty to modern measurement,it is suggested that Toosendan Fructus and Corydalis Rhizoma(41.3 g each)are ground into fine powder,and one dose includes 12.39 g of the powder,which should be taken with an appropriate amount of wine.If wine is not suitable for the patient,the decoction can also be taken with warm water.Jinlingzi San has the effects of soothing the liver,discharging heat,and activating blood to stop pain.As recorded in ancient books,Jinlingzi San is specialized in treating heart pain caused by reversal heat,chest and abdominal pain,hypochondriac pain,jaundice,hernia,and other diseases.Modern studies have shown that modified Jinlingzi San can be used in treating diseases involving the digestive system,the integumentary system,the gynecological system,the reproductive system,and other systems and has wide clinical application in treating epigastric pain,herpes zoster,dysmenorrhea,and other diseases.This study has made clear the key information of Jinlingzi San by textual research of ancient books and literature in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for the clinical application,set prescriptions,and new drug development.