早期预防性护理干预对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制和妊娠结局的影响

Effect of Early Preventive Nursing Intervention on Blood Glucose Control and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的将早期预防性护理干预应用于妊娠期糖尿病患者护理中,探讨该护理模式对其妊娠结局、血糖控制的影响。方法从社区卫生服务中心选取妊娠期糖尿病患者300例为对象展开本次研究,其就诊时间在2022年9月至2023年9月,根据随机数字表法分成每组150例的两组,分别为对照组、观察组。观察组接受常规护理联合早期预防性护理,对照组仅接受常规护理。比较两组干预前、干预后血糖水平、自我管理水平,并统计两组妊娠结局。结果两组干预前空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)对比,P>0.05;观察组干预后FPG(t=3.431)、2 hPG(t=3.418)、HbA1c(t=3.390)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者干预前用药管理、饮食管理、运动管理3项自我管理评分对比,P>0.05;干预后,观察组患者的运动管理、饮食管理、用药管理3项自我管理评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良妊娠结局发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对妊娠期糖尿病患者实施早期预防性护理干预能提高其自我管理水平,调节血糖水平,减少产后出血、胎儿窘迫等不良妊娠结局发生情况,提高妊娠安全性。

Objective The early preventive nursing intervention was applied to the nursing of gestational diabetes mellitus patients,and the influence of the nursing mode on the pregnancy outcome and blood glucose control was discussed.Methods A total of 300 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were selected from the community center from September 2022 to September 2024.According to the random number table method,they were divided into two groups with 150 cases in each group,which were the control group and the observation group.The observation group received routine nursing combined with early preventive nursing,while the control group only received routine nursing.After comparing the two groups before intervention,intervention blood sugar level,management level,and statistics of two groups of pregnancy outcome.Results The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and 2 hour postprandial plasma glucose(2 hPG)before intervention were compared between the two groups,P>0.05.After intervention,the levels of FPG(t=3.431),2hPG(t=3.418)and HbA1c(t=3.390)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The self-management scores of medication management,diet management and exercise management were compared between the two groups before intervention,P>0.05.After the intervention,the self-management scores of exercise management,diet management and medication management of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Early preventive nursing intervention for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus can improve their self-management level,regulate blood glucose level,reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage and fetal distress,and improve the safety of pregnancy.