古生物化石的风化机理与保护研究进展

Review on the fossilweathering mechanism and conservation

化石是研究地质历史、气候变迁、生物演化等的实证,有着极其重要的科学价值。一般情况下,化石经过成岩和化石化作用被无机矿物交代,有一定的抗风化能力,在经过常规清理加固处理即可稳定保存。然而在相对潮湿的环境中,部分化石因其组成成分容易发生物理化学变化,从而开裂粉化,严重威胁其保存。笔者等简要回顾了化石修理加固技术的发展历史,并从风化机理和保护两方面着重介绍了当前学界对化石中盐风化、黄铁矿氧化、干燥失水开裂等方面的研究进展,最后简要对化石保护与文物保护的关系进行论述,以期推动化石保护学科的深入发展。

Fossil has great scientific value because it has witnessed geological history,climatic change,biological evolution,etc.The diagenetic process,combined with chemical,physical,and biological interactions,leads to fossils having higher resistance to weathering and can be stored stably by development and consolidation.However,the composition of some fossils could easily undergo chemical and physical changes in a relatively humid environment,leading to the development of cracks,spalls,and powder,which threatens the conservation of fossils.This paper briefly reviews the development of fossil conservation and focuses on the mechanism and conservation management of fossil weathering,such as salt decay,pyrite decay,and cracking by losing water.Finally,we briefly discuss the relationship between the conservation of fossils and cultural relics.The aim of this review is to guide readers in managing weathering fossils and promote fossil conservation for further development.