北京大学地质馆建筑考

A new research on the Hall of Geology of Peking University

北京大学地质馆是20世纪30年代北大“中兴”时期建成的三大标志性建筑之一,也是其中唯一一座独属于一个学系(北大地质学系)的建筑。地质馆的落成有赖于三方面条件:30年代初,北大购得其“第一院”与“第二院”之间的松公府大片区域,为校园扩建提供了基础;北大与中华教育文化基金董事会商定的合作研究特款办法解决了大部分建筑经费问题;双方合聘的研究教授丁文江和李四光则成为地质馆建设的直接推动者。1935年由梁思成、林徽因设计的地质馆建成,以现代风格为主兼具中国传统特色,为北大地质学系师生提供了良好的教学和科研条件,可视为北大地质学系在20世纪上半叶全盛时期的标志。全面抗战爆发后地质馆落入日伪之手,先后被(伪)“东亚文化协议会”和(伪)“北大理学院”地质学系占用。1946年北大复员,地质学系迁回地质馆,图书、仪器均有增添。1952年全国高校院系调整,地质馆由新组建的北京地质学院使用,北大地质学系的辉煌也暂时告一段落。

The Hall of Geology is one of the three landmark buildings built by the National Peking University in the 1930s,and it is also the only building that belongs to a single faculty(the Geological Department of Peking University).The completion of the Hall of Geology depended on three conditions.First,in the early 1930s,the Peking University purchased Songgongfu(松公府),a large area between the College of Science and the College of Arts at the Peking University,which provided the basis for the campus expansion;Secondly,The Cooperative Research Grant agreed upon by the Peking University and China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture solved most of the construction funding problems;finally,research professors Ding Wenjiang and Li Siguang,who were jointly employed by the Peking University and China Foundation,became the direct promoters of the construction of the Hall of Geology.The Hall of Geology,designed by Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin,was completed in 1935 in a modern style with traditional Chinese characteristics,providing the Geological Department of Peking University with good teaching and scientific research facilities,which can be regarded as a symbol of the heyday of the development of the Geological Department of Peking University in the first half in the 20th century.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the Hall of Geology fell into the hands of the puppet government controlled by Japan,and was successively occupied by several institutions.When Peking University returned to Peking from Kunming in 1946,the Geological Department was moved back to the Hall of Geology,and books and instruments were added.In 1952,when the national university faculties were reorganized,the Hall of Geology was used by the newly formed Beijing Geological College,and the glory of the Geological Department of Peking University came to an end for the time being.