考虑轨道机动与侧摆的多星区域观测任务规划

Planning of Multi-Satellite Region-Observation Missions Considering Orbital Maneuver and Rolling Ability

应急对地观测任务时间较短,可动用卫星数量往往较少;当需要观测的对象是区域目标时,如何充分发挥在轨卫星能力,短时间内显著提高覆盖率具有重要意义。针对多星区域观测任务,建立了综合考虑轨道机动与侧摆的规划问题模型;通过解析公式估算机动速度增量范围,离散侧摆角,以精简变量搜索空间;采用近似等面积网格离散区域,进行条带计算与覆盖率评价;采用多目标遗传算法与模拟退火算法结合的两层优化方法进行求解。通过数值仿真对提出的方法进行了测试,结果表明:当初始覆盖率较低时,以小于5 m/s的平均速度增量可提升20%左右的覆盖率;当卫星数量较少时,机动对覆盖率的改善效果随卫星数量增加而不断提升;与已有研究相比,提出的方法对于单个重点区域目标提升效果较好,覆盖率可从28.64%提升到48.21%。

The emergency Earth observation mission has a relatively short duration and the number of available satellites is often limited.When the object to be observed is a regional target,it is of crucial significance to give full play to the capabilities of in-orbit satellites and significantly enhance the coverage rate within a short period.For the multisatellite regional observation mission,a planning problem model considering both orbital maneuver and side-swing was established.The range of maneuver velocity increment was estimated through analytical formulas to discretize the sideswing angle and narrow the variable search space.The region was discretized using approximately equal-area grids for strip calculation and coverage rate evaluation.A two-layer optimization method combining the multi-objective genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm was employed for solution.The proposed method was tested through numerical simulation.The results indicate that when the initial coverage rate is low,a coverage rate increase of approximately 20%can be achieved with an average velocity increment of less than 5 m/s.When the number of satellites is small,the improvement effect of the maneuver on the coverage rate continuously rises with the increase in the number of satellites.Compared with existing studies,the proposed method exhibits a better improvement effect for a single key regional target,and the coverage rate can be enhanced from 28.64%to 48.21%.