2小时快速交会对接远距离导引偏差分析

Deviation Analysis of Long-distance Guidance for 2-hour Quick Rendezvous and Docking

天舟五号货运飞船采用两脉冲制导策略实现了与空间站的2小时自主快速交会对接。针对天舟五号货运飞船制导策略,研究了远距离导引段偏差组成要素、误差模型和传播规律,分析了产生远距离导引终端偏差的主要影响因素。在此基础上利用Monte Carlo分析方法,计算得到偏差要素综合影响下的远距离导引终端偏差区间。结果表明,自主轨控等效开机时间、轨控期间平均姿态以及目标飞行器的定轨精度是产生远距离导引终端偏差的主要因素,通过对质量、质心、推力等特性进行标定和在轨参数修正,有效保证了天舟五号货运飞船2小时自主快速交会对接远距离导引终端精度。所提方法和结论可为后续载人登月、行星采样等交会对接任务提供参考。

The Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft achieved a 2-hour autonomous and rapid rendezvous and docking with the space station by adopting a two-pulse guidance strategy.Regarding the guidance strategy of the Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft,the constituent elements of the deviation in the long-distance guidance segment,the error model,and the propagation law were investigated,and the primary influencing factors generating the terminal deviation of the longdistance guidance were analyzed.On this basis,by employing the Monte Carlo analysis method,the deviation range of the long-distance guidance terminal under the comprehensive influence of deviation elements was calculated.The results indicate that the equivalent activation time of autonomous orbit control,the average attitude during orbit control,and the orbit determination accuracy of the target spacecraft are the main factors causing the terminal deviation of the long-distance guidance.Through calibrating the characteristics such as mass,center of mass,and thrust,as well as correcting the inorbit parameters,the terminal accuracy of the long-distance guidance for the 2-hour autonomous and rapid rendezvous and docking of the Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft was effectively guaranteed.The proposed methods and conclusions can provide references for subsequent rendezvous and docking tasks such as manned lunar landing and planetary sampling.