播期和播量对小麦临农4357生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Seeding Density on the Growth Development and Yield of A New Wheat Variety Linnong 4357

以小麦新品种临农4357为材料,采用播期和播量二因素裂区设计,2021—2023年在山西省襄汾县燕村试验田研究小麦生育进程、小麦群体构成、籽粒产量及产量构成因素的变化规律,以明确播期和播量对该品种的群体结构、籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,临农4357各生育时期均相应延后,且全生育期时间有所缩短;而播量的增减对小麦的生育期则无显著影响。随着播期的推迟,各生育时期的茎、穗数逐渐减少,且差异显著;随着播量的增加,各生育时期的茎、穗数则显著增加。播期的推迟导致成穗率上升,而播量的增大则使成穗率下降。在植株形态方面,播期的推迟使得株高降低,穗长变短,结实小穗数减少;而播量的增大则导致株高增加,穗长变短,结实小穗数也减少。不同播期和播量对产量及其构成因素的影响显著或极显著。对于产量构成因素而言,其影响程度大小依次为播期>播期×播量>播量。临农4357的最佳播期为10月7—13日,相对应的适宜播量为195~240 kg/hm^(2)。进一步相关性分析结果表明,千粒质量与籽粒产量之间存在显著正相关关系(r=0.473),成穗数与籽粒产量之间则存在极显著正相关关系(r=0.569)。此外,播量是引起成穗数变化的主要因素,而播期则是影响穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量变化的主要因素。

In this study,Linnong 4357,a new wheat variety approved in Shanxi province in 2021,was used as the material,applying a two-factor split zone design of sowing date and seeding density,the change of the growth process,population composition,grain yield,and yield components of wheat were analyzed in the Yancun experimental field of Xiangfen county,Shanxi province,from 2021 to 2023 to determine the effects of sowing date and sowing density on the population structure,grain yield,and yield components of this variety.The results showed that with the delay of sowing date,all growth periods of Linnong 4357 were delayed,and the overall growth period was shortened.The increase or decrease in seeding density had no effect on the growth period of wheat.As the sowing date was delayed,the number of stems and spikes of each period gradually decreased,and the difference was significant.The number of stems and spikes increased significantly with the increase in seeding density.The rate of spike formation increased with the delay of sowing date but decreased with the increase in seeding density.Delaying the sowing date reduced plant height,shortened spike length,and decreased the number of spikelets.With the increase in seeding density,plant height increased,spike length shortened,and the number of spikelets decreased.Different sowing dates and seeding densities had significant or extremely significant effects on yield and yield components.For yield components,the degree of effect was as the following order:sowing date>sowing date×seeding density>seeding density.The optimal sowing date for Linnong 4357 was from October 7th to 13th,and the corresponding seeding density ranged from 195 to 240 kg/ha.Correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between one-thousand-grain weight and grain yield(r=0.473),and a extremely significantly positive correlation between the number of spikes and grain yield(r=0.569).Additionally,the seeding density was the main factor causing changes in spike number,while the sowing date was the main factor influencing grain number per spike,one-thousand-grain weight,and grain yield changes.