山西红灵芝复合种物种多样性和系统发育分析

Species Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ganoderma lucidum Complex in Shanxi Province

为了解和阐明山西省红灵芝资源的物种多样性以及分布状态,采用ITS片段的系统发育分析方法,构建系统发育树,对收集的山西省各地的8份红灵芝进行物种鉴定和亲缘关系分析。结果表明,在山西省红灵芝有3个不同物种,即四川灵芝(Ganoderma sichuanens)、松杉灵芝(Ganoderma tsugae)和山西灵芝(Ganoderma shanx⁃iense)。其中,松杉灵芝分布于山西省中北部温带或高山寒温带区域,生长在华北落叶松树干或木桩上;山西灵芝分布于山西省南部区域,气候类型属于暖温带亚热带类型,生长在埋于土壤中的栎树朽木上;四川灵芝在山西省的样本全部为人工种植,没有发现野生分布。系统发育分析结果显示,山西灵芝在灵芝属(Ganoderma)内演化为一个独立的系统发育谱系,全世界仅见于山西省南部,为山西省特有物种。该研究在山西省没有发现此前文献中记载的灵芝(亮盖灵芝Ganoderma lucidum)。

In order to understand and clarify the species diversity and distribution status of Ganoderma lucidum resources in Shanxi,in this study,the method of phylogenetic analysis based on ITS fragments was used to construct a phylogenetic tree,and species identification and phylogenetic analysis of 8 Ganoderma lucidum samples collected from various regions of Shanxi province were conducted.The results showed that there were three different species of Ganoderma lucidum complex in Shanxi,namely G.shanxiense,G.sichuanense(Syn.Ganoderma lingzhi),and G.tsugae.The G.tsugae was distributed in the temperate zone or alpine cold temperate zone in the north central part of Shanxi,and grew on the trunk or stake of North China larch.The G.shanxiense was distributed in the south part of Shanxi where the climate type belongs to the type of warm temperate to subtropical zone,and grew on the decayed oak buried in the soil.The samples of G.sichuanense in Shanxi were all planted artificially,and no wild distribution was found.Phylogenetic analysis showed that G.shanxiense had evolved into an independent phylogenetic lineage within Ganoderma,which was only found in the south of Shanxi in the world and was a unique species in Shanxi.In this study,no Ganoderma lucidum recorded in previous literature was found in Shanxi.