大理白族扎染蝴蝶纹饰的图像学研究

An Iconographic Study of Butterfly Patterns in Dali Bai Tie-Dyeing

大理白族扎染纹饰包罗万象,其中蝴蝶纹是最具代表性的纹样,素来深受欢迎。本文基于田野调查,运用图像学“前图像志描述”“图像志分析”“图像学解释”三层次分析法,深入探赜蝴蝶纹饰的形式与内蕴。我们发现,白族扎染蝴蝶纹饰可分为单一式、复合式、几何变异式三类;其中,技法、结构、色彩等要素决定了蝴蝶纹的艺术风格和外在表征。白族人赋予了蝴蝶忠贞爱情和吉祥美好的象征寓意,并巧妙地通过不同的组合形式形象化地传达出来。白族民众信仰观念的嵌入、村落文化氛围的熏染及多元文化的交融等,正是蝴蝶纹得以长久流传的关键因素。

This paper employs a three-tiered analysis of iconography,comprising pre-iconographic description,iconographic analysis,and iconographic interpretation,to examine the form and content of butterfly ornamentation in depth,based on findings from field investigation.It has been conclusively established that Bai tie-dye butterfly decorations can be classified into three categories:single,composite,and geometric variations.The technique,structure,colour,and other elements serve to define the artistic style and external representation of the butterfly patterns.The Bai people ascribed symbolic meanings to butterflies,associating them with notions of faithful love and good fortune.They employed a sophisticated figurative language to convey these meanings through a variety of combinations.The embeddedness of the belief concepts of the Bai people,the cultural atmosphere of the villages and the fusion of multiple cultures are the key factors that have enabled the long-lasting transmission of the butterfly pattern.