推定在涉正当防卫案件中的运用

The Application of Presumptions in Cases Involving Justifiable Defense

在司法实践中一些法院办理涉正当防卫案件时常常援引存疑有利被告原则,对证据不充分的不法侵害事实进行推定。这种做法不符合证据法上推定的运用规则,是对推定规则的误解与误用。运用推定必须有明确的基础事实并允许反驳,而不能以一条抽象的难以反驳的存疑有利被告原则作为基础事实。在涉正当防卫案件中,不法侵害事实难以查清往往成为此类案件事实不清的常态。为破解涉正当防卫案件中不法侵害事实难以证明的难题,推定不失为一条可行的路径。司法实践案例反映,相似事实相互之间具有高度的内在关联性,可以在涉正当防卫案件中作为推定不法侵害事实的基础事实。

In judicial practice,some courts,when handling cases involving justifiable defense,often invoke the principle of“benefit of the doubt for the defendant”to presume the existence of facts concerning unlawful infringement when evidence is insufficient.This practice does not align with the rules for the application of presumptions in evidence law and represents a misunderstanding and misuse of these rules.The application of presumptions must be based on clear foundational facts and must allow for rebuttal.It cannot be based on an abstract,hard-to-refute principle like the“benefit of the doubt for the defendant”as the foundational fact.In cases involving justifiable defense,it is often difficult to clarify the facts of unlawful infringement,which has become a common issue in such cases.To address the difficulty of proving unlawful infringement in these cases,the use of presumptions offers a feasible approach.Judicial practice shows that similar facts often have a high degree of internal correlation and can serve as foundational facts for presuming the existence of unlawful infringement in cases involving justifiable defense.