战略性新兴产业技术创新效率及影响因素研究——基于新能源汽车产业视角

Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Technological Innovation in Strategic Emerging Industries:From the Perspective of the New Energy Vehicle Industry

文章以2013—2022年新能源汽车产业链上的44家上市公司为研究对象,运用DEA-BCC模型和DEAMalmquist模型,分别从静态和动态视角测度其技术创新效率,并构建Tobit模型,分析影响其技术创新效率的内外部因素。研究发现:受规模效率和纯技术效率制约,新能源汽车产业技术创新效率整体偏低;研发费用加计扣除优惠对技术创新效率具有显著促进作用,所得税税收优惠和财政补贴对技术创新效率作用不理想;专利存量、企业规模、企业年龄和企业性质均对技术创新效率具有显著促进作用,研发人员、企业成长和财务杠杆对技术创新效率作用不理想。由此,提出鼓励兼并重组、强化知识产权保护、优化财税政策供给等对策建议。

This article uses 44 listed companies in the new energy vehicle industry chain from 2013 to 2022 as the research subjects,utilizes the DEA-BCC model and DEA-Malmquist model to measure its technological innovation efficiency from both static and dynamic perspectives,and builds a Tobit model to analyze the internal and external factors affecting this technological innovation efficiency.According to the research findings,as constrained by scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency,the overall efficiency of technological innovation in the new energy vehicle industry is relatively low.The additional tax deduction for R&D expenses has a significant promoting effect on technological innovation efficiency,while income tax incentives and fiscal subsidies have an unsatisfactory effect on technological innovation efficiency.Patent stock,enterprise size,enterprise age,and enterprise nature all have a significant promoting effect on technological innovation efficiency,while R&D personnel,enterprise growth,and financial leverage have an unsatisfactory effect on technological innovation efficiency.Based on this,we propose strategies and suggestions such as encouraging mergers and acquisitions,strengthening intellectual property protection,and optimizing fiscal and tax policy provisions.