等氮条件下不同有机无机肥配施对甘薯田土壤大型动物分布和群落的影响

Effects of different organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer under equal nitrogen conditions on the distribution and community of soil macrofauna in sweet potato field

为了考察等氮条件下有机肥配施无机肥对甘薯田土壤大型动物分布和群落的影响,在甘薯生长过程中设置了猪粪有机肥、羊粪有机肥、菌渣有机肥和易腐垃圾有机肥4种有机肥与化肥配施处理,以单施化肥和不施肥为对照,各处理纯氮用量均为150.00 kg/hm^(2),考察了不同施肥处理下土壤的含水率及pH的变化情况,并进行了土壤大型动物在土壤中的分布情况调查和多样性分析。在土壤中捕获到膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、弹尾目(Collembola)、蜘蛛目(Araneae)、双翅目(Diptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、半翅目(Hemiptera)、直翅目(Orthoptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、隐翅目(Staphylinidae)、寡毛目(Oligochaeta)10个类群的大型动物。各不同肥料处理土壤大型动物中膜翅目为优势类群。在样地0~5 cm的表层土壤大型动物最多。土壤大型动物多样性分析结果表明,猪粪有机肥与化肥配施处理的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.138,在所有处理中最高,比不施肥对照高60.51%,比单施化肥对照高12.23%,其类群数与个体数也最高。4种有机肥多样性指数都比不施肥对照高,有机肥料的施用可提高生物多样性,有利于农业生态的可持续发展。

In order to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer on the distribution and community of soil macrofauna in the sweet potato field under the condition of equal nitrogen,four kinds of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer were set up during the growth of the sweet potato,including pig manure organic fertilizer,sheep manure organic fertilizer,mushroom residue organic fertilizer and perishable garbage organic fertilizer,and the pure chemical fertilizer and no fertilization were used as the control.The amount of pure nitrogen in each treatment was 150.00 kg/hm^(2).The changes of soil moisture content and pH under different fertilization treatments were investigated,and the distribution and diversity of soil macrofauna in soil were investigated and analyzed.10 groups of soil macrofauna were captured,including Hymenoptera,Collembola,Araneae,Diptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Orthoptera,Lepidoptera,Staphylinidae and Oligotricha.Hymenoptera was the dominant group among soil macrofauna treated with different fertilizers.There were the most macrofaunas in the surface soil of the 0~5 cm sample plot.The analysis of soil macrofauna diversity showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of pig manure organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment was 2.138,which was the highest among all treatments,increasing by 60.51% compared to the no fertilizer control and 12.23%compared to the pure chemical fertilizer control.The number of groups and individuals in this treatment was also the highest.The diversity index of the four types of organic fertilizer was higher than that of the no fertilizer control,and the application of organic fertilizer could improve biodiversity,which was conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural ecology.