北方城市十种常见绿化树落花的化感抑草效应

The allelopathic and grass inhibiting effect of falling flowers of 10 common greening trees in northern cities

为实现落花的循环再利用,筛选出具有除草潜力的高效环保的植物源除草剂,选用北方城市10种常见城市绿化树木落花为供体,通过室内播种盆栽试验,研究其水浸提液对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、锦葵(Malva sinensis)、满天星(Gypsophila paniculata)、麦仙翁(Agrostemma githago)、红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、矢车菊(Centaurea cyanus)和狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)8种杂草的化感效应。结果表明,三角枫(Acer buergerianum)落花浸提液对黑麦草、满天星、麦仙翁、红三叶、矢车菊和狼尾草有综合抑制效应,综合主成分值(F)分别为-2.041、-1.976、-1.716、-0.995、-1.750、-1.290;栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)落花浸提液对黑麦草、锦葵、紫花苜蓿、矢车菊和狼尾草有综合抑制效应,F分别为-0.458、-0.771、-3.244、-0.434、-0.818;樱花(Prunus serrulata)落花浸提液对锦葵、满天星、麦仙翁、红三叶和矢车菊有综合抑制效应,F分别为-0.531、-1.038、-1.601、-0.833、-0.896,以上3种落花的浸提液可抑制5种以上的杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长且对杂草根际土壤酶活性无不良影响,具有除草潜力,可作为开发植物源除草剂的首选物种资源。

In order to realize the recycling and reuse of fallen flowers and screen out efficient and environmentally friendly plant source herbicides with weeding potential,falling flowers of 10 common urban greening trees in northern cities were selected as donors,and the allelopathic effects of their water extract on eight weeds,including Lolium perenne,Malva sinensis,Gypsophila paniculata,Agrostemma githago,Trifolium pratense,Medicago sativa,Centaurea cyanus and Pennisetum alopecuroides were studied through indoor sowing pot experiments.The results showed that the extract of the falling flowers of the Acer buergerianum had a comprehensive inhibitory effect on Lolium perenne,Gypsophila paniculata,Agrostemma githago,Trifolium pratense,Centaurea cyanus and Pennisetum alopecuroides,and the comprehensive principal component values(F)were-2.041,-1.976,-1.716,-0.995,-1.750,-1.290,respectively.The extract of the falling flowers of Koelreuteria paniculata had a comprehensive inhibitory effect on Lolium perenne,Malva sinensis,Medicago sativa,Centaurea cyanus and Pennisetum alopecuroides,and F were-0.458,-0.771,-3.244,-0.434,-0.818,respectively.The extract of the falling flowers of Prunus serrulata had a comprehensive inhibitory effect on Malva sinensis,Gypsophila paniculata,Agrostemma githago,Trifolium pratense and Centaurea cyanus,and F were-0.531,-1.038,-1.601,-0.833,-0.896,respectively.The extract of the above three kinds of falling flowers could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of more than five kinds of weeds and had no adverse effect on the soil enzyme activity in the weed rhizosphere,with a weeding potential,which could be used as a preferred species resource for the development of plant-derived herbicides.