熔铸炸药凝固工艺与在线监测技术研究进展

Research Progress on Solidification Process and On⁃line Monitoring Technique of Melt⁃cast Explosive

熔铸炸药的凝固过程是其开发与生产的重要环节,凝固与装药质量对产品的爆轰性与安全性起着关键作用。基于国内外研究工作,从有限元仿真、凝固成型工艺以及在线检测方法3个方面系统论述了熔铸炸药凝固成型技术的发展。总结了有限元仿真在熔铸炸药浇铸和凝固过程中流场、温度场和应力场模拟方面的发展,阐述了凝固缺陷的形成以及不同工艺对凝固的作用行为,探讨了温度、应力应变、粘度以及内部结构等在线监测技术在熔铸炸药高质量精密成型技术中的应用。熔铸炸药装药仿真方法、凝固工艺优化以及在线监测技术的发展能够为凝固装备设计研发、凝固产品质量提升等提供重要理论和技术指导。未来,熔铸炸药装药凝固技术的发展需要在设备-物料模型构建、工艺设备安全、工艺条件精准控制、实时信息监控以及在线监测与自适应调控等方面进一步完善和应用。

The solidification process of melt-cast explosive is a significant step during its research and manufacture.Solidification,and related charge quality play key roles in the detonation performance and safety of explosives.Based on domestic and foreign research works,the development of solidification techniques of the melt-cast explosive is systematically summarized from three aspects:finite element simulation,solidification process and on-line detection methods.The application of the finite element simulation in flow-temperature-stress field simulation during casting and solidification process of the melt-cast explosive is reviewed.The formation of defects during the solidification process and the effects of different techniques on solidification are elucidated.Furthermore,the application of on-line detection of temperature,stress-strain,viscosity,and internal structure in the high-quality precision forming techniques of melt-cast explosive is discussed.The development of numerical simulation,solidification process optimization and on-line detection technique in melt-cast explosive can provide vital theoretical and technical guidance for the design and development of the solidification equipments and the quality improvement of solidified charges.In the future,the improvement of the charge and solidification technique requires further development and application in aspects such as model construction of equipment-material,safety of process equipment,precise control of process conditions,real-time information monitoring,on-line detection and adaptive regulation.