背景干扰对青少年羽毛球运动员反手发球技术的影响

Influence of background interference on backhand serving technique of young badminton players

目的:分析背景干扰效应对青少年羽毛球运动员反手发球技术的影响,以期为羽毛球技术训练的优化和训练效果的提高提供参考。方法:选取36名青少年羽毛球运动员为研究对象,随机分为固定组、渐进组和随机组,3组运动员分别进行6次不同背景干扰的练习干预。对3组运动员的反手发球技术进行实验前测、习得阶段测试、保持阶段测试和迁移阶段测试,重点考查发球的落点准确性。结果:在技能习得阶段,固定组表现优于其他两组(P<0.05);在技能保持和迁移阶段,随机组显著优于固定组和渐进组(P<0.05)。实验后固定组习得阶段测试与前测相比3个位置发球均存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);保持阶段测试2号位和4号位呈显著性差异(P<0.05);迁移阶段测试均无显著性差异(P>0.05),且1号位成绩下降;渐进组和随机组习得阶段测试和保持阶段测试与前测相比3个位置均存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);迁移阶段测试随机组2号位和4号位发球存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);渐进组迁移阶段测试与前测相比不存在差异(P<0.05)。结论:背景干扰训练对青少年羽毛球运动员反手发球技术的习得、保持和迁移有显著影响,不同的背景干扰强度适用于不同的训练目标。

Objective:To analyze the influence of background interference effect on backhand service technique of young badminton players,in order to provide reference for the optimization of badminton training and the improvement of training effect.Methods:36 young badminton players were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into fixed group,progressive group and random group.The athletes in the 3 groups were subjected to 6 times of practice intervention with different background interference.The pre-test,acquisition stage,holding stage and transfer stage of the backhand serving technique of the three groups of players were carried out,focusing on the accuracy of the serving point.Results:In the skill acquisition stage,the performance of the fixed group was better than the other two groups(P<0.05);in the skill retention and transfer stage,the follower group was significantly better than the fixed group and the progressive group(P<0.05).After the experiment,there were significant differences in the acquisition stage of the fixed group compared with the pre-test(P<0.01).There was a significant difference between position 2 and position 4 in the holding stage(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in migration stage(P>0.05),and the score of position 1 decreased.There were significant differences in the acquisition stage test and the holding stage test in the progressive group and the follower group compared with the pre-test(P<0.01).There was a significant difference between position.2 and position 4 serves in the test group during the migration stage(P<0.01).There was no difference between the progressive group and the pre-test(P<0.05).Conclusion:The training method of background interference has significant influence on the acquisition,retention and transfer of backhand service skills of young badminton players.Different intensity of background interference is suitable for different training objectives.