刑事诉讼构造论视域下强制医疗程序的诉讼化改革

Reform on the Litigationization of Compulsory Medical Procedures in View of Criminal Procedure Structure

强制医疗程序是决定是否剥夺被申请人人身自由的刑事程序,囿于其特殊的程序定位以及相关程序规则的初始设定,呈现出较强的非诉讼化特征,难以充分保障被申请人的人身自由权和生命健康权。在该程序中,基于特殊身体状况以及平衡公共利益的考虑,被申请人的实体权利存在一定程度的克减,其程序参与亦有所缺位。刑事诉讼构造论是评价程序诉讼属性的基本理论工具,用之审视现行强制医疗程序,发现该程序存在横向构造失衡和纵向构造模糊的问题,因循刑事诉讼构造论的基本逻辑对强制医疗程序进行诉讼化改革,既是该程序优化的必然选择,也是加强该程序人权保障的应有之义。

Compulsory medical procedure is a criminal procedure which determines whether to deprive the respondent of per⁃sonal freedom or not.Due to its special procedural positioning and the initial setting of relevant procedural rules,it has strong non litigation characteristics,and it is difficult to fully protect the respondent's right to personal freedom and right to life and health.In this procedure,based on the consideration of special physical condition and the balance of public interests,the respondent's substantive rights are reduced to a certain extent,and its participation in the procedure is also lacking.And criminal procedure structure is a basic theoretical tool to evaluate the nature of procedural litigation,and it can be used to examine the current compulsory medical procedure to find the problems of the horizontal structure imbalance and vertical structure ambiguity.Therefore,the litigation reform of compul⁃sory medical procedure based on the theory is not only the inevitable choice to optimize the procedure,but also a necessary measure to strengthen the human rights protection of the procedure.