重大传染性疾病特效疫苗专利豁免的机制研究

Research on Patent Exemption Mechanism for Specific Vaccines of Major Infectious Diseases

专利豁免是提升重大传染性疾病特效疫苗可及性与可负担性的重要法律制度;专利保护在特效疫苗研发与普及过程中则具有激励创新的积极作用,但同时也呈现出有碍社会公共健康的负面效应;故适度的专利豁免不仅可破除特效疫苗的生产垄断,还能推进其充分供给。为保障重大传染性疾病特效疫苗专利豁免的有序开展,应秉持以人为本、与人为善的伦理原则,通过法律运行规范的合理构造与国际协调的有序开展以建立起该豁免的科学制度框架与高效实施体系。

Patent exemption is an important legal system to improve the accessibility and affordability for specific vaccines of ma⁃jor infectious diseases.In the process of R&D and popularization of specific vaccines,patent protection has a positive role in stimulat⁃ing innovation,but it also presents a negative effect that endangers public health.Therefore,moderate patent exemption can not only break the monopoly of specific vaccines production,but also promote the full supply of specific vaccines.In order to ensure the orderly development of patent exemptions for special vaccines of major infectious diseases,we should uphold the ethical principle of people first and being kind to people,and establish a scientific institutional framework and efficient implementation system of patent exemp⁃tions of special vaccines through the rational construction of operational norms and orderly development of international coordination.