间断均衡理论视角下监狱艾滋病防控政策之变迁

Evolution of HIV Prevention and Control Policies in Prisons from the Perspective of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

公共卫生政策的变迁表现为各种力量互动博弈的动态变化过程,具有多元性、开放性和互动性等复杂特征;监狱的公共卫生政策变迁还呈现非线性、政策场域集中的特点;我国监狱的艾滋病防控政策历经双盲管理、单盲管理和集中关押管理三个历史时期,其中的焦点事件与决策层理念转变都曾引起政策变迁演进,故当从适度开放政策场域、提高政策前瞻性、促进政策演进三方面,着力优化监狱艾滋病防控政策以实现政策的“推拉式均衡”。基于监狱管理机制以及场域的特殊性,深入研究其政策的发展变化,以监狱的“他者”视角反观社会,可对社会公共卫生政策的研究提供有益补充。

The evolution of public health policies is manifested as a dynamic process of interactive games among various forces,characterized by complexity,openness,and interactivity.And the evolution of public health policies in prisons also has features of non⁃linear progression and concentration in policy fields.China's prison HIV prevention and control policies have undergone three historical periods:double-blind management,single-blind management,and centralized detention management,during which Both the focal events and the conceptual changes at the decision-making level have caused the evolution of policy changes.To optimize prison HIV prevention and control policies and promote a"push-pull balance"in policy evolution,efforts should focus on three aspects:moder⁃ately opening up policy fields,enhancing the forward-looking nature of policies,and promote policy evolution.Based on the unique⁃ness of prison management mechanisms and fields,in-depth research on the development and change of its policies and the view of so⁃ciety from the"other"perspective of prison can provide a useful supplement to the research on social public health policies.