司法鉴定实验室误差控制研究:以客观误差与人为因素为对象

Research on Error Control of Forensic Expertise Laboratory:in Terms of Objective Errors and Human Factors

导致实验室误差的致错因素共有实验人员的故意、过失或能力缺陷、检材样本或仪器设备瑕疵、鉴定材料或鉴定方法固有缺陷三类。司法鉴定领域受案件条件制约无法扩大样本量时应首先控制假阳性错误。通过强化鉴定人员职业道德培养与构建人的差错辨识评估与控制机制,规范实验室认证认可实现鉴定仪器设备管理标准化、优化鉴定环境和条件以满足鉴定要求、建立技术标准和技术规范加强鉴定判断标准管理,进而实现对实验室误差和鉴定人差错的控制。

Error is the common cause of three kinds of defects:human intention,fault or ability defect,defect of sample and equip⁃ment,inherent defect of appraisal material or appraisal method.The false positive error should be controlled first when the sample size cannot be expanded due to the condition of the case.By strengthening the professional ethics training of authenticators and constructing the human error identification evaluation and control mechanism,standardizing laboratory certification and accreditation to achieve stan⁃dardization of identification equipment management,optimizing the identification environment and conditions to meet the identification requirements,establishing technical standards and technical norms to strengthen the management of identification and judgment stan⁃dards to achieve laboratory error and human error control.