城乡社会转型下新一代中坚农民的代际特征与再生产结构——基于华北J镇的田野调查

The Reproduction Structure of New-mainstay-farmersunder the Transformation of urban and Rural Society--A Field Study in J Town, North China

城乡社会转型的时代背景下,城乡二元的市场、村庄社会与农民家庭共同促成了新一代中坚农民的再生产结构。不同于上一代中坚农民高度在地化特征,新一代中坚农民群体以县域—乡村为生活单元,依靠产业行业的同乡同业模式走出地方市场,在“上一代中坚农民+小农户”社区性农业现代化的基础上,进入新的农业产业化和现代化模式。新一代中坚农民补充了空心化村庄的劳动力结构,促进县域社会中深化城乡双重发展要素进一步融通的同时,推动基层治理现代化和农民家庭生活现代化转型,成为乡村振兴实践进程中的中坚力量。

In the context of urban-rural social transformation,the market structure of the urban-rural dichotomy,the social structure of villages and the structure of farmers'families have jointly contributed to the reproduction of a new generation of middle-income farmers.Unlike the previous generation of highly localized middle-income farmers,the new generation of middle-income farmers is living in the county and villages,relying on the model of industrial homogeneity and homogeneity to go out of the local market,and leading the modernization of agriculture in the community of"small farmers+middle-income farmers".On the other hand,the new generation of middle-income farmers is also an important community force in social transformation,supplementing the labor structure of hollowed-out villages,and becoming an important carrier for the modernization of grass-roots governance and the modernization of farmers'family life.As a generation that has realized modernization and urbanization,the new generation of middle-income farmers has become an important group(class)in the county society to deepen the further integration and interconnection of the dual development factors of urban and rural areas,and is also the backbone force in rural revitalization.