胡判官的秘密:《牡丹亭》绎读——以《冥判》为中心

Judge Hu′s Secret:An Analysis of The Peony Pavilion Centering on The Judgment in The Hell

汤显祖在《牡丹亭》中构建了一个以杜丽娘的个体伦理处境为核心的戏剧结构。杜丽娘的游园惊梦及“慕色而亡”,乃是其伦理身份危机的直接结果。作为个体伦理喜剧式的拥护者和儒家哲人形象的一个变体,陈最良洞悉了这一点,并促成了杜丽娘的后花园之行。后花园是花神与胡判官共同维护的自由王国。在“去伦理化”的后花园中,随着生命感觉的复苏,杜丽娘完成了从“伦理个体”向“个体伦理”的转向。杜丽娘之死是花国传来的“原罪致死”的噩耗,致使胡判官在《冥判》中亲手摧毁了其建立并维护的这一自由王国的表象。胡判官宣告了梦的终结,开启了杜丽娘重返普遍伦理世界的艰难旅程。随着杜丽娘的“还魂”,汤显祖笔下的“人间大梦”才刚刚拉开帷幕。

In The Peony Pavilion,Tang Xianzu constructed a dramatic structure centered around the individual ethical situation of Du Liniang.Du Liniang′s dream of wandering in the garden and her death due to admiration for beauty is a direct result of her ethical identity crisis.As a supporter of individual ethical comedy and a variant of confucian philosopher′s image,Chen Zuiliang understood this and helped to bring about Du Liniang′s backyard trip.The backyard is a free kingdom jointly maintained by the Flower God and Judge Hu.In the backyard of"de ethicalization",with the revival of the feeling of life,Du Liniang completed the transition from"ethical individual"to"individual ethics".The death of Du Liniang was the terrible news of"death from original sin"passed from the Flower Kingdom,which led Judge Hu to personally destroy the appearance of the"Free Kingdom"he established and maintained in The Judgment in The Hell.Judge Hu declared the end of the dream and started Du Liniang′s difficult journey back to the universal ethical world.With Du Liniang′s resurrection,"the big dream of human world"in Tang Xianzu′s writing has just begun.