数据三权分置的权利结构和规则设置——权利块解构路径初探

Rights Structure and Rule-Setting of Data Triple-Rights Separation:Preliminary Exploration of the Deconstruction Path of Right Modules

数据三权分置理念下的权利结构设计,是当下数据权利保护法律制度构建中的首要问题。以数据目的标准进行数据客体的分类,能够规避数据权利的主体归属问题,降低多元主体的权利主张冲突。在规范目的上,数据赋权不仅应当强调流通利用,还要重点维系涉及个人隐私、商业秘密和国家秘密等数据的保密状态,并规制数据独裁。鉴于此,数据权利应以权利模块化理论为分析进路展开。在非公共数据模块中存在数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权;公共数据模块则以数据加工使用权、数据产品运营权和数据安全保障权而分置;在规则设置上,权利块之间的互动规则具有类型化的潜力,权利块与任何非数据权利主体的互动可适用传统法律规范进行调整。

The design of the right structure in the concept of data triple-rights separation is the primary issue in the construction of the legal system of data rights protection nowadays.Classification of data objects by the standard of utilization purpose can circumvent the problem of subject attribution of data rights and reduce the conflict of rights claims of multiple subjects.In terms of the normative purpose,data empowerment should not only focus on the utilization value,but also focus on maintaining confidential data involving personal privacy,commercial secrets and state secrets,and regulating data dictatorship.To this end,data rights should be analyzed by the modularity theory of rights.In the non-public data modules,there are the right to hold data resources,the right to use data processing and the right to operate data products.While in the public data module,the right to use data processing,the right to operate data products,and the right to guarantee data security are divided.In terms of rule-setting,the interaction rules between the right modules have the potential to be typed,and the interaction between the right modules and any of the non-data right subjects can be adjusted by applying traditional legal norms.