乡村振兴背景下农村籍大学生农业经营传承意愿及其影响因素探析——基于江西省代表性高校的调查

Analysis of Rural College Students′Willingness to Inherit Agricultural Management and the Influencing Factors in the Context of Rural Revitalization:A Survey Based on Representative Universities in Jiangxi Province

引导具有文化与技术优势并熟稔农村环境与风土人情的农村籍大学生返乡就业创业,是缓解城市就业压力、化解乡村振兴人才匮乏的途径之一。立足当前乡村振兴亟需现代化人才支撑的迫切需求,利用江西省代表性高校农村籍大学生调查数据,探析农村籍大学生农业经营传承意愿及其影响因素。结果表明,农村籍大学生农业经营传承意愿,尤其是成为新型职业农民的意愿较强;农村籍大学生农业经营传承意愿除受个体特征(年级、学习成绩)、家庭特征(父母受教育水平、家庭收入)和农地特征(土壤质地、土地细碎化水平)等因素影响外,还受身边创业案例、农业劳动力老龄化认知、农业经营传承理念、农业收益认知、新型职业农民认知和土地流转政策认知的综合影响。鉴于此,建议政府与高校进一步加强农业政策在农村籍大学生中的宣传,多路径提高农村籍大学生对新型职业农民的认知与认同;高校要制定契合农村籍大学生自身特点的就业指导方案并进行差异化指导;社会、政府、高校和家庭多方联动,引导和激励农村籍大学生返乡就业创业。

Guiding rural college students to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship is an important way to alleviate the pressure of urban employment and solve the crisis of lack of talents for rural revitalization,since they are with well-educated,skilled and familiar with the rural environment and customs.Based on the urgent need for modern talent support for rural revitalization,this study uses survey data of rural college students from representative colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province to analyze the students′willingness to inherit agricultural management and the influencing factors.The results show that rural college students have a strong willingness to return to their hometowns to inherit agricultural management,especially to become new-type professional farmers;the willingness of rural college students to inherit agricultural management is not only affected by the intrinsic endowment factors,such as individual characteristics(grade,academic performance),family characteristics(parents′education level,family income),and farmland characteristics(soil texture,level of land fragmentation),but also affected by entrepreneurial cases around them,the concept of inheriting agricultural management,their cognition of aging labor force,agricultural income,new-type professional farmer and land transfer policy.In view of this,it is suggested that the governments and universities further strengthen the publicity of agriculture and related policies among rural college students,and enhance their cognition and identification of the new-type professional farmers through multiple paths;colleges and universities provide differentiated employment guidance in accordance with the characteristics of rural college students;and the society,governments,universities and families join forces to facilitate rural college students′return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship.