植保无人飞机作业参数对雾滴在杧果冠层沉积分布的影响

Effects of Spraying Parameters for Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Deposition Distribution of Droplets in Mango Canopy

植保无人飞机作业参数对无人飞机喷洒过程中的雾滴分布有显著影响,从而影响农药的利用率和病虫害的防治效果。为探究多旋翼植保无人飞机作业参数对杧果树冠层喷雾质量与效果的影响,以提高植保无人飞机施药的对靶高效沉积,本研究应用大疆T40型植保无人飞机采用正交试验对杧果树进行喷雾作业,对主要作业参数雾滴粒径(80、100、120μm)、作业高度(2.0、2.5、3.0 m)、作业速度(3.0、4.0、5.0 m/s)进行优选。结果表明:施药参数为雾滴粒径80μm、作业高度2.0 m、作业速度3.0 m/s时,植保无人飞机雾滴在杧果树各个冠层的雾滴沉积密度、覆盖率、雾滴均匀性等均显著大于其他处理组。雾滴沉积密度、覆盖率、作业高度与作业速度呈负相关。极差分析结果显示,雾滴粒径是影响杧果树冠层雾滴沉积密度的主要因素;作业高度是影响杧果树下层叶片正面与内层叶片背面雾滴覆盖率的主要因素;作业速度是影响杧果树上层叶片背面雾滴覆盖率的主要因素;其余各层叶片正面与背面的喷雾粒径是影响雾滴覆盖率的主要因素。植保无人飞机在杧果树冠层的雾滴分布差异性较大,影响雾滴均匀性的主要因素是雾滴粒径,其次是作业速度、作业高度。根据T40多旋翼植保无人飞机在杧果树冠层的雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率、雾滴均匀性结果综合得到植保无人飞机在杧果树上作业的最佳参数组合为雾滴粒径80μm,作业高度2.0 m,作业速度3.0 m/s,为小型植保无人飞机在杧果及其他类似果园空中喷洒作业提供指导。

Plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAVs)operational parameters have remarkable effects on droplet distribution in UAVs spraying,which significantly affects pesticide utilization rate and treatment effectiveness.The study was aimed to explore the effects of operating parameters of electric UAVs on droplet deposition distribution in mango trees canopy and to enhance the efficiency of targeted deposition by UAVs.The DJI T40 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV was used and the main operational parameters including droplet sizes(80,100,120μm),flight height(2.0,2.5,3.0 m)and flight speed(3.0,4.0,5.0 m/s)were optimized by an orthogonal test.When the droplet size was 80μm with 2.0 m of flight height and 3.0 m/s of flight speed,the droplet deposition density,coverage rate and un-iformity in each canopy of mango trees were significantly larger than those of the other groups.There was a negative correlation between droplet deposition density,coverage rate and flight height,flight speed.The results of range analy-sis showed that droplet size was the main factor affecting the deposition density of droplet in mango canopy.The flight height was the main factor affecting the coverage rate of spray droplets on the front side of the lower canopy leaves and the back side of the inner canopy leaves of mango trees.The flight speed was the main factor affecting the coverage rate of spray droplets on the back side of the upper canopy leaves of mango trees.The spray diameter of the front and back of the leaves of the other layers was the main factor affecting the droplet coverage rate.The droplet distribution within mango canopy exhibited significant variation,with droplet size being the primary factor determining uniformity,fol-lowed by flight speed and flight height.In our current study,according to the droplet deposition density,coverage rate and uniformity in mango canopy,the best operating parameters of T40 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV were obtained as follows:droplet size of 80μm,operation height of 2.0 m,and operation speed of 3.0 m/s.It could provide fundamental guidance of the operation of small UAVs for the aerial spraying of mango trees and other similar orchards.