正犯视域下对帮信罪的罪质解释与适用纠偏--以信息网络秩序法益为中心

Interpretation and rectification of the nature and application of the crime of helping information network criminal activities from the perspective of principal offender-Focus on the legal interest of information network order

帮信罪的司法适用呈现无罪刑罚化倾向或重罪轻刑化倾向,其本质在于未跳出共犯思维独立看待帮信罪的地位与本质。鉴于此,应承认帮信罪的正犯性,转向法益视角,认清罪名的独立意义并准确解释和适用。帮信罪的保护法益是信息网络秩序,应当在个案中具体判断帮信行为是否制造了侵害信息网络秩序的现实危险,通过利益衡量原理把握违法阶层的出罪事由,以纠正无罪刑罚化倾向。帮信罪和他罪共犯存在想象竞合关系,当帮信行为同时侵害双重法益时,行为人可能同时成立帮信罪和其他网络犯罪的帮助犯,此时应根据想象竞合的原理从一重罪论处,以纠正重罪轻刑化倾向。

The judicial application of the crime of helping information network criminal activities exhibits a tendency towards non-criminalization of guilt or minimization of punishment for heinous crimes,essentially stemming from the failure to independently evaluate the status and nature of this crime outside the framework of accomplice theory.In light of this,recognition of the principal offender status of this crime is warranted,shifting towards a legal interest perspective to ascertain the independent significance of the offense and ensuring accurate interpretation and application.The protected legal interest of this crime lies in the order of information networks.Specifically,it is imperative to assess,on a case-by-case basis,whether the assisting behavior poses a real danger to the infringement of the information network order,and to apply the principle of balancing interests in determining the justification for de-criminalization at the illegality level,thereby rectifying the tendency towards non-criminalization of guilt.Moreover,the crime of assisting in information network criminal activities may coexist with imaginary concurrence with other criminal offenses.When such assisting behavior simultaneously infringes upon dual legal interests,the perpetrator may concurrently constitute the crime of helping information network criminal activities and an accomplice to other network crimes.In such scenarios,the principle of imaginary concurrency should be invoked to impose punishment for the heavier offense,thereby correcting the tendency towards minimization of punishment for heinous crimes.