甜龙竹笋品质的地理变异及其与立地环境的关系

Geographical Variation in Quality of Dendrocalamus brandisii Bamboo Shoots and Its Relationship with Site Conditions

【目的】研究甜龙竹笋品质的地理变异及其与立地环境的关系,为甜龙竹的经营管理及竹笋品质的提高提供科学依据和理论支持。【方法】以云南省7个不同种植区(芒市、思茅区、石屏县、新平县、昌宁县、临翔区和沧源县)的甜龙竹为研究对象,对其外观形态和营养成分进行测定,采用方差、相关性和冗余等分析方法对竹笋品质指标与土壤化学性质、气候和海拔等环境因子进行分析。【结果】1)不同地区甜龙竹笋外观形态存在显著差异,昌宁县竹笋的基径、笋长指标最高,沧源县竹笋质量指标最高,芒市竹笋可食量指标最高,可食率以石屏县最高。2)在营养成分方面,昌宁县竹笋单宁含量显著高于其他地区;芒市竹笋可溶性糖含量显著高于其他地区;临翔区竹笋粗脂肪含量显著高于其他地区;思茅区竹笋木质素、灰分和蛋白质含量显著高于其他地区;新平县竹笋纤维素含量显著高于其他地区。3)相关性分析表明,竹笋基径与8月低温呈极显著负相关,脯氨酸与8月降水量呈显著正相关,精氨酸与速效钾呈显著正相关,精氨酸与空气相对湿度和8月平均温呈显著正相关。4)冗余分析结果表明,粗脂肪、精氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋白质等竹笋营养成分对土壤速效磷和全磷含量表现为正响应,笋长、质量和可食量等外观形态表现出负响应;笋长、质量和可食量以及含水率与空气相对湿度和8月平均温呈正相关;脯氨酸、丙氨酸、单宁、谷氨酸和蛋氨酸等营养指标与8月降水量呈正响应,与土壤有机质呈负响应;天冬氨酸、可溶性糖和可食率与土壤有机质呈正响应,与8月降水量呈负相关。【结论】7个地区中昌宁县甜龙竹笋品质最优;8月低温是影响甜龙竹笋外观形态的主要环境因子,空气相对湿度和8月平均温是影响竹笋基本营养成分的主要环境因子,甜龙竹笋氨基酸含量主要受速效钾和8月降水量的影响;竹笋外观形态与土壤有机碳、空气相对湿度和8月平均温呈正响应关系,竹笋营养成分与土壤速效磷、全磷和8月降水量呈正响应关系。

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the geographical variation of Dendrocalamus brandisii bamboo shoots quality in different planting regions and its relationship with the environment,and analyse the main influencing factors,so as to provide a reference basis for the management of D.brandisii and the improvement of bamboo shoots quality.【Method】This study was conducted in seven different planting regions of D.brandisii in Yunnan Province(Mangshi,Simao,Shiping,Xinping,Changning,Linxiang,and Cangyuan).The external morphology and nutritional components of bamboo shoots from each location were measured,and variance,correlation,and redundancy analyses were conducted with site environmental factors such as soil chemical properties,climate,and altitude.【Result】1)There were significant differences in external morphology of D.brandisii bamboo shoots from different regions.The bamboo shoots from Changning had the highest base diameter and shoot length indicators,those from Cangyuan had the highest weight indicator,those from Mangshi had the highest edible portion indicator,and those from Shiping had the highest edible rate.2)Bamboo shoots from different regions exhibited relatively high moisture content(AW).The tannin(Tan)content of bamboo shoots from Changning was significantly higher than that in other regions;the soluble sugar(SS)content in Mangshi was significantly higher than that in other regions;the crude fat(EE)content in Linxiang was significantly higher than that in other regions;the lignin(Lig),Ash,and protein(Pr)contents in Simao were significantly higher than those in other regions;and the cellulose(Cel)content in Xinping was significantly higher than that in other regions.3)Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between base diameter and low temperatures in August;a significant positive correlation between proline(Pro)and August precipitation;a significant positive correlation between arginine(Arg)and available potassium;and a significant positive correlation between Arg and air relative humidity and average temperature in August.4)Redundancy analysis of environmental factors and D.brandisii shoot quality showed that nutrients in bamboo shoots,such as EE,Arg,His,Ser,Thr,and Pr,were positively responsive to available phosphorus and total phosphorus,while shoot length,weight,and edible portion exhibited a negative response.Shoot length,weight,edible portion,and AW were positively related to air relative humidity and average temperature in August.Nutrients in bamboo shoots,such as Pro,Ala,Tan,Glu,and Met,were positively responsive to August precipitation and negatively responsive to soil organic matter.Asp,SS,and edible rate were positively responsive to soil organic matter and negatively influenced by August precipitation.【Conclusion】Among the seven regions,Changning has the best quality of D.brandisii bamboo shoots.The low temperature in August is the main environmental factor affecting the external morphology of D.brandisii bamboo shoots,while air relative humidity and average temperature in August are the main factors affecting the basic nutritional components of bamboo shoots.The amino acid content of D.brandisii bamboo shoots is mainly influenced by available potassium and August precipitation.The external morphology of bamboo shoots is positively correlated with soil organic carbon,air relative humidity,and average temperature in August,while the nutritional components of bamboo shoots exhibit a positive response to available phosphorus,total phosphorus,and August precipitation.