异质结构金属材料的研究进展

Research progress in heterostructure metal materials

传统金属材料的强度与塑性之间存在的倒置关系在一定程度上限制了其应用范围,而异质结构金属材料作为一种新型的复合材料,表现出传统均质材料无法企及的综合力学性能(如高屈服强度、高延展性和高断裂韧性等),本文从异质结构金属材料的定义开始,对当前主流异质结构材料的类型进行了阐述,归纳总结了异质结构金属材料在微观层面上软区与硬区相互作用的强韧化机理(如异质结构变形诱导强化、应变分配、延迟颈缩、界面影响区等),并对异质结构金属材料的性能提升进行了展望。

The inverted relationship between the strength and plasticity of traditional metal materials limited its application scope.As a new type of composite material,heterostructure metal materials exhibited comprehensive mechanical properties(such as high yield strength,high ductility,and fracture toughness)that traditional homogeneous materials cannot achieve.In this paper,the definition and the types of current mainstream of heterostructure metal materials were introduced.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the interaction between soft and hard regions were summarized in heterostructure metal materials at the micro level such as heterostructure deformation-induced strengthening,strain distribution,delayed necking,interface influence zone,etc.Finally,the potential development aspects of heterostructure metal materials in the future are prospected.