基于FEM的胎路摩擦行为分析

Friction behavior analysis of tire-road based on FEM

通过试验得到3种沥青混合料试件用以模拟不同路面情况,用激光轮廓测量仪测量路面纹理,采用Matlab建立路面三维轮廓图和路面网格模型,选取Neo-Hookean模型及其相关材料参数建立轮胎有限元模型.依托该模型进行仿真,通过路面纹理、胎压和荷载,对自由滚动过程中胎路接触情况和摩擦行为进行研究.结果表明,胎路摩擦行为与路面纹理、胎压和荷载密切相关.路面粗糙度越低,摩擦力分布越均匀;路面粗糙度越高,摩擦力分布集中在路面突出的集料颗粒处,摩擦力越大.在自由滚动状态下,摩擦因数随着胎压的增大而减小;在制动状态下,摩擦因数随着胎压的增大而增大.无论是在自由滚动状态下还是在制动状态下,摩擦因数随着荷载的变化规律具有一致性,均随着荷载的增大而增大,在自由滚动状态下更显著.

Three types of asphalt mixture specimens are produced through experiments to simulate different road conditions.The road texture is measured using a laser contour tester.The three-dimensional contour map and mesh model of road are established by Matlab.The Neo-Hookean model and its related material parameters are selected to establish the finite element model of tire.Based on the model,the tire-road contact condition and friction behavior in the free rolling process are studied through road texture,tire pressure and load.The results show that the friction behavior of tire-road is closely related to road texture,tire pressure and load.The lower the road roughness is,the more uniform the friction force distribution is.The higher the road roughness is,the friction force distribution is concentrated at the prominent aggregate particles on the road,and the greater the friction force is.In the free rolling state,the friction factor decreases with the increase of tire pressure.In the braking state,the friction factor increases with the increase of tire pressure.Whether it is in the free rolling state or braking state,the variation rule of friction factor with load is consistent.The friction factor increases with the increase of load,and the increase is more significant in the free rolling state.