明以来南北官话调值变化谫论

Evolution of Tone Pitch of Mandarin Dialects in the North and South Since the Ming Dynasty

通过明清韵书、朝汉译音、传教士资料对声调调类或调值的描述,明代北方官话的调值:阴平[^(*)44],阳平[^(*)24],上声[^(*)213],去声[^(*)52],入声一[^(*)54],入声二[^(*)23];南方官话的调值:阴平[^(*)33],阳平[^(*)21],上声[^(*)42],去声[^(*)35],入声[^(*)34]。清中叶后,北方官话的调值:阴平[^(*)55]或[^(*)53],阳平[^(*)35],上声[^(*)13],去声[^(*)31];南方官话的调值:阴平[^(*)31],阳平[^(*)35],上声[^(*)23],去声[^(*)42]。与现代官话方言的调值对比,明以来,北方官话的调值变化相对较小,而南方官话则可能出现因语言接触而被替换的现象。

Through the description of tone pitch in Ming and Qing rhyme books,Korean-Chinese translation and missionary materials,this paper constructs the tone pitch of the Northern and Southern Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively.Tone pitch of northern mandarin in Ming dynasty is as follows:Yin Ping(阴平)[^(*)44],Yang Ping(阳平)[^(*)24],Shang Sheng(上声)[^(*)213],Qu Sheng(去声)[^(*)52],Ru Sheng one(入声一)[^(*)54],Ru Sheng two(入声二)[^(*)23].Tone pitch of southern mandarin is as follows:Yin Ping(阴平)[^(*)33],Yang Ping(阳平)[^(*)21],Shang Sheng(上声)[^(*)42],Qu Sheng(去声)[^(*)35],Ru Sheng(入声)[^(*)34].After the middle Qing Dynasty,tone pitch of Northern Mandarin is as follows:Yin Ping(阴平)[^(*)55]or[^(*)53],Yang Ping(阳平)[^(*)35],Shang Sheng(上声)[^(*)13],Qu Sheng(去声)[^(*)31].Tone pitch of southern mandarin is as follows:Yin Ping(阴平)[^(*)31],Yang Ping(阳平)[^(*)35],Shang Sheng(上声)[^(*)23],Qu Sheng(去声)[^(*)42].Compared with the tone pitch of modern Mandarin dialects,since the Ming Dynasty,the tone pitch of northern Mandarin has changed relatively little,while southern Mandarin may be replaced by phonetic contact.