哈贝马斯对生活世界概念的批判性重构

Habermas's Critical Reconstruction of the Concept of Life-world

胡塞尔晚年提出的生活世界概念是现代哲学社会科学的核心概念之一。在具体分析各种不同的生活世界概念的基础上,哈贝马斯基于普遍语用学立场从“文化一社会一个性”三个层面对生活世界概念进行了批判性重构,不仅阐发了生活世界结构要素与生活世界再生产过程,而且揭示了生活世界与交往行为的“互补关系”,以及生活世界再生产过程为生活世界结构要素获得所作出的贡献,从而为自己提出“系统一生活世界”二阶社会构想、生活世界殖民化理论提供了前提条件。尽管哈贝马斯的生活世界殖民化理论并不足以揭示后期资本主义危机之根源,甚至还有为后期资本主义社会辩护的嫌疑,但哈贝马斯基于普遍语用学立场重构生活世界概念的努力还是值得肯定的,从而使得生活世界概念在哈贝马斯社会哲学中获得了特殊意义。

The concept of life-world proposed by Husserl in his later years has become one of the core concepts of modern philosophy and social sciences.Based on the specific analysis of different understandings of the life-world,Habermas critically reconstructs the concept of life-world from three levels of"culture-society-individuality"based on universal pragmatics,which not only explains the structural elements of life-world and the process of life-world reproduction,but also reveals the"complementary relationship"between life-world and communicative actions,and the contribution of the process of life-world reproduction to the acquisition of the structural elements of life-world,thus providing the preconditions for his second-order social conception of"system-life-world"and his theory of the colonization of life-world.Although Habermas's theory of life-world colonization is insufficient to reveal the root causes of the late capitalist crisis,it may even be suspected of defending the late capitalist society.However,Habermas's efforts to reconstruct the concept of life-world based on universal pragmatics are still worthy of recognition,thus making the concept of life-world gain special significance in Habermas's social philosophy.