农村集体经济组织成员代表诉讼释论

Interpretations on Representative Litigation by Members of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

集体成员代表诉讼是《农村集体经济组织法》借鉴股东代表诉讼而设立的全新制度,对维护农村集体经济组织及其成员的合法权益具有重要意义。集体成员代表诉讼适用于农村集体经济组织理事会成员、监事会成员或者监事、主要经营管理人员,以及农村集体经济组织外部人员侵害农村集体经济组织合法权益的情形。集体成员提起代表诉讼须经过前置程序,但在紧急情况下,人民法院有权豁免该程序。集体成员代表诉讼的适格原告为10名以上具有完全民事行为能力的集体成员,适格被告为侵害农村集体经济组织合法权益的理事会成员、监事会成员或者监事、主要经营管理人员及其他外部人员,农村集体经济组织为辅助型无独立请求权的第三人。在集体成员代表诉讼的案件审理中,管辖法院的确定、诉讼时效的适用、诉讼权利的限制、诉讼结果的效力及诉讼费用的承担等,是需要重点关注的问题。

The collective member representative litigation is a novel legal institution established in the Law on Rural Collective Economic Organizations,modeled after shareholder representative litigation,which is of great significance for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations and their members.This form of litigation is applicable to cases where members of the board of directors,board of supervisors,main operation and management personnel or supervisors of rural collective economic organizations,as well as external personnel of a rural collective economic organization infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the organization.Although pre-litigation procedures are generally required before filing such actions,the people̓s court may waive these requirements in case of urgency.The eligible plaintiff group must comprise at least ten members of the collective who possess full civil capacity,while the defendants are those responsible for the infringement,including board members,supervisory board members,supervisors,main operation and management personnel or external individuals.The rural collective economic organization itself is a supplementary third party without independent claims.During the trial,several critical issues demand attention,including the restrictions on litigation rights,the application of the statute of limitations,restrictions on litigation rights,the binding effect of the litigation outcome,and the allocation of legal costs.